概念整合视域下韩非子寓言的认知阐释文献综述

 2021-10-23 20:17:21

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Introduction The essence of allegory is metaphor, which is not only a rhetorical device，but also a way of thinking( Lakoff personal thoughts has the characteristic of indirect speech act, which makes them more acceptable. Allegories in the Hanfeizi are the masterpiece of all allegories in the pre-Qin period with a high artistic level and ideological value. Conceptual blending theory plays an important role in cognitive linguistics with a strong explanatory power for on-line meaning construction of natural language in Hanfeizis allegories. From the perspective of cognition, by virtue of conceptual blending theory, interpreting some prototypical instances of allegories in Hanfeizi, we find out that conceptual blending theory proves to be applicable for cognitive interpretation allegories. Modern and contemporary scholars have made comprehensive researches mainly in terms of the quantity, artistic achievements, ideological contents and historical value of Hanfeizis allegories. Nevertheless, there remains several questions to be further studied, such as the online meaning construction of allegories. At the same time, conducting a study on some allegories in Hanfeizi from the perspective of conceptual blending theory helps demonstrating the on-line meaning construction mechanism, the continued perfection of relevant studies of Hanfeizi and the improvement of studies of literature in pre-Qin period. Literature review With the transmission of Chinese culture throughout the world, a growing number of scholars have been fascinated by Chinese literature, especially the four great Chinese classical novels, and have carried on lots of studies of them. Yet there remains many other valuable works waiting to be discovered including Hanfeizis allegories, which serve as a prominent landmark in the history of ancient Chinese allegories. The reason that I choose allegories in Hanfeizi as the subject in this paper is that there are abundant allegories and some of them are quite complicated. Besides, there is not much research on it. Modern and contemporary researchers study Hanfeizis allegories mianly from the perspective of its writing mechanisms, themes and his mind-set. Tan Jiajian(1986) studies the characteristics of Hanfeizis allegories from three aspects: writing mechanism, the source of topic and the tendency of creation. From the perspective of writing mechanism, it is not until Hanfeizi that allegories have been consciously and systematically created acting as the symbol of a new era of allegories. Compared to the former whose topics chiefly quoting mythology and folklore, Hanfeizis allegories focus on social reality. Besides, he finds that Hanfeizi is a typical realist which differs from his predecessors Zhuangzi and Liezi whose works shine with the color of romanticism. Wang Ke(2015) studies Hanfeizis allegories and his theory of governance expressed inside. As is illustrated in his paper, Hanfeizi criticizes then officials and civilians by unveiling the nature of benefit-orientation through many brief but profound allegories in order to exhort emperors to rule by law under the guidance of legalism. There are other scholars who have compared the allegories in Hanfeizi to those in Zhuangzi from various perspectives. Gaojing(2013) compares the two from their way of humor. As in her paper, they each has a focus. Zhuangzis allegories focus on irony, yet Hanfeizis allegories put more emphasis on funny with irony gleaming inside. With such comparison and several fables taken as examples, she makes a conclusion on their distinction between Taoism and Legalism. Yu Yafei (2015) studies the difference in artistic characteristics of allegories in Zhuangzi and Hanfeizi. She believes each of them have unique characteristics. Zhuangzi always pays attention to the myth which causes the fantasy of its fable as well as strong subjective feelings. There is a lot of rhetoric in Zhuangzi which result in the elegance of its language. Meanwhile，it can vividly and exquisitely portray the images. Hanfeizi pays attention to the history and social reality. Hanfeizi is skilled in showing the personal character with simple dialogue with precise and sharp language. Her conclusion is the reason of the different characteristics between Zhuangzi and Hanfeizi is due to the combined effect of geographical environment，individual experience and the ideology motivation.From the above literature, we can see that scholars have studied Hanfeizis allegories from different research directions. Nevertheless, we can discover that most mainly focus on writing style, way of expression and Hanfeizis creation purpose. Yet they seem to fail to take the on-line meaning construction operation into consideration and to further explain their form principle. With conceptual blending theory, I believe, we can clearly explain those principles.In recent years, conceptual blending theory has attracted great attention both in the research and application in domestic academic circles and this momentum keeps increasing. This paper would briefly discuss the development track and main ideas of the theory, the research trends and application status in China, its main achievements, existing problems and the test of the theory. Also, this paper intends to interpret Hanfeizis allegories by virtue of conceptual blending theory.Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner are the founding fathers of Conceptual Blending Theory. The "blending of concepts" in this theory refers to the synthesis of mental spaces, which refer to the set of concepts constructed by people in conversation and thinking to achieve the purpose of local understanding and action (conceptual packet)(Fauconnier Turner, 1996:113). In this sense, mental space is a temporary online dynamic concept established in the process of verbal communication. Therefore, Conceptual Blending Theory is a systematic explanation of the mutual mapping and interaction of various mental spaces in the process of verbal communication. Its purpose is to try to reveal the cognitive iceberg behind the online construction of meaning.Conceptual blending theory has experienced the development process of nearly 30 years. Its embryonic form is the theory of Mental Spaces(Fauconnier, 1985). The origin of this theory is the conceptual metaphor theory proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1950), which holds that metaphor is the structural mapping from the source domain to the target domain. The theory illustrated in Mental Space is Lind of vague. In 2002, he and Mark Turner published their seminal monograph The Way We Think(2002). In this book, the propose that conceptual blending is a basic but powerful cognitive mechanism, and its operation process is extremely complex, often hidden behind the use of language and not easy to be noticed by people. One of the fundamental tasks of cognitive linguistics is to explore the various principles and mechanisms in the process of concept blending. Following this idea, Fauconnier and Turner stated that the dynamic structural principle of conceptual blending is the cross-space mapping of parts, the partial and selective projection of the blending space, and the generation of emergent structure in the blending space( 2002: 310-311). Indeed, conceptual blending is constrained by another level of discipline: the governing principles, which characterize the various strategies for optimizing the emerging structure.An important part of conceptual blending theory is integration networks, referring to the mental space network with frame structure. The framework is constructed from speakers background knowledge. Fauconnier and Turner (1998, 2002) argues that a complete network includes four mental spaces: Input Space I, Input Space II, Generic Space and Blended Space. The conceptual blending network also includes four sub-networks with different degrees of emerging significance: simplex, mirror, one-scope and two-scope networks. Simplex networks, the simplest kind of integration network, involve two inputs with one containing a frame with roles and the other containing values. It generates a blend containing structure that is in neither of the two inputs, which makes it an integration network.In mirror networks, both input spaces provide the common frame just with different elements. Compared to the simplex network in which only one of the inputs is structured by a frame and the mirror network with all spaces sharing one common frame, the inputs in single-scope network both contain frames and each is distinct. Besides, only one of the frames structures the blend( Evans Green, 2006)While in double-scope networks, both inputs contain distinct frames and each of them structures the blend, which distinguishes them from single-scope networks.As in most literature, the cognitive interpretation of Hanfeizis allegories hasnt been done from the perspective of conceptual blending theory, from which I believe a comprehensive explanation of allegories could be of possibility. References Cornevin, V., 在复旦大学"望道论坛"报告述要，《当代修辞学》(5),1-4 。

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