生态翻译学视角下余华小说《兄弟》中隐喻的翻译研究文献综述

 2022-01-07 21:04:36

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文献综述

2. Literature Review2.1 Previous Studies on Eco-translatologyEco-translatology was founded by Professor Hu Gengshen of Tsinghua University in 2001. It is an organic combination of ecology and translation studies and has been developing rapidly in recent years. Based on the ancient Chinese idea of the unity of man and nature and Darwins theory of natural selection, Eco-translatology emphasizes the concept of translator-centered translation.2.1.1 Previous Studies on Eco-translatology AbroadSince the 1960s, human society has gradually begun the transition from industrial civilization to ecological civilization, and ecological and environmental issues have received increasing attention. In her book Silent Spring (1962), Rachel Carson, a famous American marine biologist, said that numerous facts of humans destruction of nature indicate that a turning point of peoples life and the development of human society is around the corner. Under such a background, it is an inevitable result of the development of our times that the ecological concerns are exerting great influence on many social sciences, including translation studies. In the beginning, Eco-translatology absorbed some nourishment from some western translation theories and studies. In 1988, Peter Newmark expounded the relationship between translation and culture in his A Textbook of Translation, and for the first time clearly pointed out the ecological characteristics of translation. In 1989, Rosenna Warren, in The Art of Translation: Voices from the Field, argued that translation is the transplanting of a work from one language to another, changing it and adapting it to a new environment so that it can survive. In 1990, Susan Bassnett and Andr Lefevere used ecological terms such as discovering where trees live and describing how plants grow to describe the explorations in translation studies. In 1999, David Katan translated the ecological environment as work, climate, politics, space, physical environment, etc. McEntyre (2009) believed that language, like water, land, plants and animals, and food systems, is another precious and shared resource that needs to be well managed and should not be easily consumed as a disposable commodity. Haggers (2013) pointed out that future ecological translation studies need to expand the breadth, depth and precision of research questions from three aspects, namely, the application-oriented expansion research, the internal refining research and the external international research. Cronin (2015) made an analogy between language translation and food, advocating the construction of a new translation ecosystem. Scott (2015) discussed the translation of poetry from the perspective of Eco-translatology and pointed out that Eco-translatology focuses on improving readers ecological awareness when translating any text. Whats worth mentioning is that in April 2010, researchers of Eco-translatology initiated the establishment of the International Association of Eco-translatology Research, with the president of the International Federation of Translators, Marion Boers, as the adviser. 2.1.2 Previous Studies on Eco-translatology in ChinaThe development of Eco-translatology in China can be divided into three stages: the establishment stage from 2001 to 2004, the integration stage from 2005 to 2009, and the expansion and innovation stage from 2010 to the present. On December 6, 2001, Hu Gengshen read the article A Preliminary Study on the Theory of Adaptation and Selection in Translation at the 3rd Asian Translators Forum of the International Federation of Translators, which was the first paper on Eco-translatology read by a Chinese scholar at an international conference. In 2004, Hu Gengshen published his monograph Translation as Adaptation and Selection, which for the first time comprehensively expounded the background, theoretical basis and basic theories of translation adaptation and selection. In the second stage, more and more scholars participated in the research of Eco-translatology. Liu Yunhong and Xu Jun (2004) commented that Translation as Adaptation and Selection is not constrained by the contradictions long plaguing the translation circle, such as literal translation/free translation, form/content, loyalty/rebellion and domestication/foreignization, as well as other binary oppositions. Instead, it tries to make translation theory return to the translational eco-environment, that is the social and cultural environment in which translation is done, so as to explore the nature of translation, the subject, the process and other content. Zu Lijun (2007) held that Eco-translatology is to maintain the balance of language status and cultural exchange, and also attach importance to the ecological nature of language, that is, greenness, cleanness and ethicality. 2009 was a landmark year, in which Eco-translatology has basically formed its own unique theoretical framework. With the development of the theory, it has begun to enter the stage of application. Hu Gengshen applied the theory of Eco-translatology to interpret and discuss the rich and colorful translation thoughts of Fu Lei, thus expanding a new perspective for the study of Fu Leis translation thoughts. Since 2010, Hu Gengshen has published more than a dozen papers in various core journals and a monograph, giving a more thorough description and introduction of Eco-translatology. Meanwhile, many scholars have conducted theoretical and practical researches on ecological translation from different perspectives. For example, Jiao Weihong (2010) interpreted Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays translated by Yan Fu from the perspective of the whole translational eco-environment. Through thorough study, Tong Xiaomei and Huo Yuehong (2010) came to the conclusion that compared with the deteriorating natural ecosystem, the translation ecosystem shows a benign development trend of looseness and tolerance, and Zhang Ailing is stepping into peoples research field from the edge. Liu Aihua (2011) analyzed Xu Chis translation activities from the perspective of Eco-translatology, and interpreted his translation views demonstrated in his literary creation activities. In 2013, Han Wei re-examined the concept of translational eco-environment and further explored Eco-translatology. Another peak in the development of Eco-translatology came with the publication of five monographs respectively written by Liu Yafeng (2010), Lu Xiuying (2012), Zhu Defen (2013), Sheng Li (2014), as well as Yu Zenghuan and Yue Zhonglyu (2014). In recent years, Eco-translatology has been applied more frequently and more widely. For example, Weng Jin (2015) strengthened the application of the principle of balance and harmony in English science and technology translation. In 2017, Zhang Pengjie discussed the translation of legal texts from the perspective of ecological translation, and interpreted it through the three-dimensional method. Ye Xinxin and Sang Zhen (2020) analyzed the English translation of ICD-11 traditional medical diseases and synonyms based on the theory of Eco-translatology. There are also some different opinions about this theory. For example, Leng Yuhong (2011) questioned the translator-centeredness under the context of Eco-translatology, to which Professor Hu Gengshen also wrote an article in response. With the expansion of the research team, it is believed that the theories of translation ecology will be more comprehensive and diversified in the future.2.2 Previous Studies on the English Translation of Yu Huas BrothersIn early 2009 the English translation of Brothers was done by Carlos Rojas and his wife, Dr. Eileen Cheng Yin Chow was published in early 2009 by Random House in the United States and Macmillan in the United Kingdom, just one year after it was published in China, causing quite a stir in the English-speaking world.Since then, many scholars have studied it from different angles. Up until now, there are 13 journal articles and 12 masters theses that can be found on CNKI. Some scholars analyze the translated version as a whole. For example, in 2014 Qin Lixia analyzed the linguistic charm of the English translation of Brothers in Short Stories. Xu Ke (2016) examined the translation art of omission in the English version of Brothers. Miao Jiao (2018) explored the English translation of Brothers from the perspective of Tourys (1995) translational norms.Other scholars have focused on a certain aspect of the English translation. For example, Dong Guojun (2014) analyzed the English translation strategies of idioms in Brothers. Quan Yubin (2017) examined the English translation of cultural-specific words in Brothers. Zheng Zhen, Gong Weidong and Zhao Miao (2018) made an analysis of the translation of the repetition in Brothers, and they also studied the translation of similes in Brothers in 2019. Zheng Zhen, Wu Jian and Zhang Yunfei (2020) discussed the translation of metaphors in the English version of Brothers and pointed out that the translators mainly use three methods to deal with metaphors in the novel: literal translation, amplification and omission.2.3 Research gap On the one hand, Eco-translatology is relatively new, which means it needs to be further developed and improved. With more and more applications of this theory, more drawbacks may show up and thus push forward the improvement of itself. On the other hand, only a few studies have been carried out about metaphor translation in the English versions of Yu Huas works. Therefore, this thesis will discuss the translation of metaphor in the English version of Brothers from the perspective of Eco-translatology.

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