全文总字数:9890字
“火龙果采摘机器人总体设计”文献综述
摘 要:我国是人口大国,每年需要消费大量的水果,火龙果在消费的水果中占据很大比例。我国也是一个火龙果种植大国,数据显示,2018年底中国共种植火龙果约为4.2万公顷,主要分布在广西、广东、云南、贵州、福建、海南等省份。其中广东种植1.1万公顷、广西1.6万公顷、云南0.4万公顷、贵州0.8万公顷、海南0.4万公顷、福建0.2万公顷,主要以红心火龙果种植为主,火龙果产量很高,每年的产量达到了102万吨。这些火龙果在满足国民消费的同时也会出口到国外。火龙果产量大,如何收获便是一个重要问题。我国火龙果采摘目前所依靠的还是人工采收,需要消耗大量的人力物力财力,严重影响了生产效率,增加了火龙果种植成本。想要减少种植成本,需要一种能自动采摘火龙果的机器人,但是果蔬收获自动化是比较难实现的,这导致火龙果自动采摘技术比较缺乏,目前成熟的火龙果采摘机器人基本不存在。目前国内已经出现一些水果的自动采收机器人,但采摘机器人技术还不够完善,采摘机器人的视觉而言,果园是十分复杂的自然环境,果园中光照条件不确定性、果实颜色相近、果实被树枝和 树叶遮挡、颜色不均匀、大量阴影、果实振荡以及果实重叠等因素都增加了果实目标的难度,大多数采摘机器人依靠的是液压动力带动机械手运动完成采摘任务,出现故障很难维修。机器人的升降平台和底座一般是电力带动,存在动力不足的问题。本文在此基础上,从现有的采摘机器人中探讨火龙果采摘机器人的设计。
关键词:自动采收,自动化,火龙果,机器人
Abstract: China is a country with a large population, which needs to consume a large number of fruits every year. Pitaya accounts for a large proportion of the fruits consumed. China is also a big pitaya planting country. According to the data, at the end of 2018, China planted about 42000 hectares of pitaya, mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guizhou, Fujian, Hainan and other provinces. Among them, 11000 hectares are planted in Guangdong, 16000 hectares in Guangxi, 4000 hectares in Yunnan, 8000 hectares in Guizhou, 4000 hectares in Hainan, and 2000 hectares in Fujian. The red heart pitaya is mainly planted. The annual yield of Pitaya is very high, reaching 1.02 million tons. These pitaya will meet the national consumption and also be exported to foreign countries. The yield of Pitaya is large, so how to harvest it is an important problem. At present, the harvesting of Pitaya in China relies on manual harvesting, which consumes a lot of human, material and financial resources, seriously affects the production efficiency and increases the planting cost of Pitaya. In order to reduce the planting cost, we need a robot that can automatically pick pitaya, but the fruit and vegetable harvest automation is relatively difficult to achieve, which leads to the lack of Pitaya automatic picking technology, and the mature pitaya picking robot basically does not exist. At present, there are some automatic fruit harvesting robots in China, but the technology of picking robot is not perfect. In terms of the vision of picking robot, orchard is a very complex natural environment, with uncertain lighting conditions, similar fruit color, and fruit covered by branches and branches Many factors, such as leaf occlusion, uneven color, a large number of shadows, fruit oscillation and fruit overlap, increase the difficulty of fruit target. Most picking robots rely on hydraulic power to drive the manipulator to complete the picking task, so it is difficult to repair the fault. The lifting platform and base of the robot are generally driven by electricity, which has the problem of insufficient power. On this basis, this paper discusses the design of Pitaya picking robot from the existing picking robots.
Key words: Automatic harvesting, automation, pitaya, robot
1课题研究目的和意义
我国每年都要消耗大量的火龙果,这就需要火龙果的产量跟得上国人的消费,目前我国火龙果种植面积巨大,每年火龙果收获季节都需要大量人工进行采摘。随着农业自动化的发展,越来越多的果蔬采摘机器人开始出现在人们的视野中。近年来国外的自动采摘机器人取得了很大的发展,日本和美国的技术发展的速度更是突出。随着农业机械化潮流的推动,我国也陆陆续续出现了一些果蔬的采摘机器人,但是都是一些比较容易采收的水果,比如苹果西红柿等。自动采摘机器人的出现可以提高生产效率,但是由于火龙果结构相对于一般水果比较复杂,实现自动化采收难度比较大,目前还是采取人工采收的方式。随着种植面积的扩大,需要的人工将会越来越多,如果不能实现自动化采收,那么火龙果将面临不能按时采收而存过保存时间毁坏的严重问题。目前已经发明的采摘机器人主要由机械臂,底座,控制系统组成,火龙果采摘机器人的设计也要从这几个方面入手。采摘机器人的机械臂需要能准确的到达火龙果所在的位置,机械臂手爪在采摘火龙果过程中不能对火龙果果实造成损害,机器人的底座需要保证机器人能在田间灵活运动,适应田间较为复杂的环境,能在各种条件下自由通行。底座上还应有一个收纳箱用于收集采摘的火龙果,设置升降架,转向和动力系统。而机器人的控制系统则要保证机器人能顺利完成火龙果采收的任务。由于目前种植火龙果的果农知识文化水平普遍不高,为了能让果农能学会操作采摘机器人,机器人的操作方法应该尽量简单易懂,在大多数人能接受的范围内学会使用。再者,火龙果的种类不同,其果实的形状也不尽相同,针对这种情况,采摘机器人应该多元化,灵活化,智能化,高效化。需要满足同时满足生产要求和技术要求,火龙果自动采摘机器人的设计面临很多难题,同时也说明了设计的重要性。设计一种智能化的火龙果采摘机器人,包括电动机械手,轮式底盘和液压升降平台。同时满足便于操作的条件。
2国内外研究现状
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