全文总字数：11034字
表面活性剂对丙烯酸酯乳液聚合反应的影响研究
摘 要
通过丙烯酸与壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、马来酸酐与壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚及饱和醇(正辛醇、十二醇和十四醇)的酯化反应，合成了丙烯酸型、马来酸单酯型和马来酸双酯型三种可聚合表面活性剂。讨论了催化剂、催化剂用量、反应温度及酸醇配比等 对酯化反应的影响，并测试了合成产物的表面性能，结果表明所合成的新型表面活 性剂降低水溶液表面张力的能力及对单体丙烯酸丁酯和苯乙烯的乳化能力均大于未经改性的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚。将合成的可聚合表面活性剂应用于苯丙乳液聚合，通 过测试聚合反应速率、凝胶率、乳液表面张力、膜表面接触角等，探讨了新型表面 活性剂在聚合反应中的作用机理。结果表明所合成可聚合表面活性剂与壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚一样，其参与的乳液聚合反应遵循经典反应历程，但可聚合表面活性剂参与 了聚合反应；通过改变苯乙烯和丙烯酸两种单体的配比，可以改变参与聚合可聚合表面活性剂的量及其聚合位置。用所合成的可聚合表面活性剂制备的苯丙乳液表面施胶性能优于用壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚制备的苯丙乳液。
关键词：可聚合表面活性剂；苯丙乳液聚合；丙烯酸酯。
Effect of surfactant on acrylate emulsion polymerization
ABSTRACT
The three novel polymerizable surfactants were synthesized by esterification
reactions of acrylic acid and nonylphenol ethoxylates，maleic anhydride and nonylphcnol ethoxylates as well as saturated alcohol(n—octan01)．The influence of catalyst，reaction temperature and ratio of the acid and the alcohol on the esterification reactions and the surface properties of the products were investigated．The results showed that the novel surfactants had better performance in reducing the surface tension of aqueous solution and emulsifying butyl acrylate and styrene than nonylphenol ethoxylates．The novel surfactants were used in emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate and styrene．The effects of polymerization conditions on the properties of the emulsions were studied by testing reaction rate，gel fraction,emulsion surface tension and membrane contact angle． The results showed that the polymerization reaction using the novel surfactants also followed the classical reaction process just like the traditional emulsifier,but the surfactants involved in the polymerization,and the amount of surfactants participating the polymerization and its location in the latex particles were different by changing the ratio of styrene and butyl acrylate．The copolymer emulsion of butyl acrylate and styrene using thenovel surfactants showed better surface sizing property on corrugated paper．
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