Ⅰ、Ⅱ晶型纳米纤维素增强HDPE 复合材料的制备与性能研究文献综述

 2022-03-01 21:32:16

纳米纤维素增强炭塑复合材料的制备与性能研究

摘 要

制备高强度新型复合材料并研究其各项性能是一个比较热门的话题。聚乙烯(PE)是一种热塑性塑料。超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)较于普通聚乙烯,有更多优良的性能,但也有缺陷如它的熔体黏度极高[1-3],本研究先将通过化学机械法[4-5]制得的Ⅰ/Ⅱ晶型纳米纤维素进行疏水化改性。然后以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)为基体,以栎木炭、Ⅰ/Ⅱ晶型纳米纤维素为增强相,制备不同配方比例的纳米纤维素增强炭塑复合材料,寻求最佳配方工艺,并对照探究分别利用Ⅰ、Ⅱ晶型纳米纤维素作为增强相且其余条件相同时,两种晶型纳米纤维素增强基体的能力差异,借助仪器设备对各复合材料进行性能测试、对比分析,如力学性能测试、扫描电子显微镜观察、动态热机械分析和静态热机械分析等,从而得出两种晶型纳米纤维素各自属于什么配方比例时制出的纳米纤维素增强炭塑复合材料的性能最佳。

关键词:化学机械法;纳米纤维素;疏水化改性;聚乙烯;栎木炭

ABSTRACT

It is a hot topic to prepare high strength new composite materials and study their properties. Polyethylene is a thermoplastic. Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene has more excellent properties than ordinary polyethylene, but also has defects such as its high melt viscosity. In this study, the hydrophobic modification of I / II crystalline nanocellulose by chemical and mechanical method was carried out. Then, using high density polyethylene and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene as matrix, oak charcoal and I/II crystalline nanocellulose as reinforcing phase, nanocellulose reinforced carbon plastic composites with different proportions were prepared to seek the best formulation process. The difference in the ability of the two kinds of nanocellulose to enhance the matrix was investigated when I and II nanocellulose were used as the reinforcing phase and the other conditions were same. The composite materials were tested and compared by means of instruments and equipment, such as mechanical properties test, scanning electron microscope observation, dynamic thermomechanical analysis and static thermomechanical analysis. It is concluded that the nanocellulose reinforced carbon-plastic composites produced by the two crystalline nanocellulose have the best performance when each of them belongs to the formula ratio.

Key words:Chemical mechanical method;Nano-cellulose;Modification of modification;Polyethylene ;Quercus charcoal

1 前言

研究选题思路及课题主要方向

随着科技的进步和社会的发展,人们对于社会生产和生活中的高强度新型复合材料应用的需求不断增加。我国是农业大国,据统计,我国农林废物的年产量已经超过12 亿吨,其总量也早已跃居世界首位[6]。为了让农林废弃物这一可再生资源发挥价值,提高其利用率,也为了得到具有优良性能的复合材料,本课题利用栎木炭与处理过的纳米纤维素作为制备复合材料的增强相,选用高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)作为基体,并对制成的纳米纤维素增强炭塑复合材料进行各项性能的测定。

聚乙烯(PE)是一种热塑性塑料,超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)较于常见的聚乙烯,具有更多优良的性能,但也有缺陷如难以用一般方法进行加工处理[2],因此将二者一起作为基体对于本研究目的的实现至关重要。

纳米纤维素是一种天然的新型纳米材料,它具有很多优势,如高强度、高比表面积、高弹性模量,且具有生物相容性、生物可降解性,应用前景广阔[7]。在纳米纤维素的疏水化改性过程中,首先对其进行有机溶剂置换,能使干燥得到的纳米纤维素较为分散,减少团聚,后进行气相沉积处理改性。这将有助于纳米纤维素与炭塑复合,对成功制备纳米纤维素增强炭塑复合材料至关重要。

1.2 国内外研究现状及最新进展

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