文献综述
摘要
随着环境污染和石油资源匮乏等问题的日益突出，促使人们开始对环境友好型生物降解塑料进行深入的研究和开发。淀粉由于具有来源丰富、成本低、可用性广、可堆肥性好和无毒等优点，因此，近年来以淀粉为原料制备热塑性淀粉塑料逐渐成为研究的热点之一。然而，热塑性淀粉塑料在力学性能及耐水性能方面有明显的缺陷，严重影响了制品应用的范围，故研究工作的重点在于通过使用各种方法来改善其缺陷，即提高力学和耐水性能。其中，光交联是对淀粉进行交联改性的重要手段之一，其目的在于通过光化学反应使淀粉大分子中的羟基之间或与其他组分发生交联反应，从而使淀粉大分子之间或与其他组分形成交联网状结构，以达到改善材料的力学及耐水性能的目的。
关键词：紫外光；光交联；热塑性淀粉塑料。
Literature review
Abstract
With the increasingly prominent problems of environmental pollution and lack of petroleum resources, people have begun to conduct in-depth research and development of environmentally friendly biodegradable plastics. Starch has the advantages of rich sources, low cost, wide availability, good compostability, and non-toxicity. Therefore, in recent years, the preparation of thermoplastic starch plastics using starch as a raw material has gradually become one of the research hotspots. However, thermoplastic starch plastics have obvious defects in mechanical properties and water resistance, which severely affects the scope of application of products. Therefore, the focus of research work is to improve the defects by using various methods, that is, to improve the mechanical and water resistance. Among them, photo-crosslinking is one of the important means for cross-linking modification of starch. The purpose is to make cross-linking reactions between hydroxyl groups in starch macromolecules or with other components through photochemical reactions, so that starch macromolecules or Form a cross-linked network structure with other components to improve the mechanical and water resistance of the material.
Key words: ultraviolet light; photocrosslinking; thermoplastic starch.
1 前言
塑料产业在快速发展为人们带来生活便利的同时也对环境和资源产生了一系列严重的影响。石油基塑料的生产与使用给社会生产带来了两大难题，即“白色污染”问题与不可再生资源快速消耗面临枯竭问题。
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