重庆北碚污水处理厂工艺设计综述
[摘要]城镇生活污水中含有大量的有机物以及氮、磷等无机物,如若不及时处理而排入河流会导致水体的黑臭,引发水华和赤潮等环境问题。因此污水处理厂的建设成为如今环境保护工作的重要一环。城市污水处理技术通过数百年的变迁,由最开始的一级处理发展到现在的三级处理,由简单的处理排放再到深度处理回用,污水处理技术已取得很大的进展。现今污水厂常用的处理工艺有:AB法、AAO法、氧化沟法、SBR法和生物膜法。AAO法由于具有很好的同步脱氮除磷的功能且工艺流程简单,投资少,稳定可靠,广泛应用于国内城镇污水处理厂生活污水的处理。
[关键词]污水处理厂;发展;处理工艺
Summary of Chongqing Beibei Wastewater Treatment Plant Process Design
Abstract:Urban sewage contains a large amount of organic matter and inorganic substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus. If it is discharged into the river without timely treatment, it will cause black odor in the water body and cause environmental problems such as blooms and red tides. Therefore, the construction of sewage treatment plants has become an important part of environmental protection work today. Through hundreds of years of changes in urban sewage treatment technology, from the first stage treatment to the current three stage treatment, from simple treatment of discharge to intensive treatment and reuse, sewage treatment technology has made great progress. The treatment processes commonly used in sewage plants today are: AB method sewage treatment process, Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic method, oxidation ditch activated sludge method, Sequencing Batch Reactor Activated Sludge Process and biomembrane process. The Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic method is widely used in domestic sewage treatment plants in domestic urban sewage treatment plants because of its good simultaneous denitrification and phosphorus removal functions, simple process flow, low investment, and reliability.
Keywords:sewage treatment plant; development; treatment process
1前言
中国淡水资源总量全球第四,但是人均水资源却十分贫乏,是一个中度缺水的国家。污水不处理直接排放进河流,使水体受到污染,淡水资源变少,水质型缺水状况变得十分严峻。此外,被污染的河流严重危害周围居民的身体健康与生活质量,生态环境日益恶化,城市建设与发展受到严重制约。应“十一五”规划的要求以及各级政府的努力,自2006年起城镇污水处理率逐年攀升,污水处理厂的数量与规模也在逐年增加。为我国水资源的保护工作开启了新的篇章。在城镇生活污水处理的工艺选择上,我国也走了很长一段路。由一开始的去除有机物,发展到去除氮磷等无机物,再到现在考虑到处理的效率和是否节能等方面。这些不仅推动了处理方法的发展,也进一步推动了处理设备的革命。而生活污水的处理,也由一开始简单的活性污泥法发展到类似AAO、SBR和氧化沟等衍生工艺,再到生物膜法的兴起。全球的环保工作者一直在研究,在改良。AAO法作为国内污水处理厂常用的污水处理工艺,它具有很好的同步脱氮除磷的功能。其投资少,整体运行费用较低,环境效益好,很符合现代节能工艺的选择。
2我国生活污水处理技术的发展
2.1 20世纪 50-60年代
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