年产1000t脱毒白果粉的工厂设计
摘要：白果是银杏的干燥成熟种子，是我国国家卫健委批准的药食同源食品。现代药理学研究表明白果含有多种活性成分，具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗肿瘤、提高免疫力以及治疗心血管疾病等作用。但是白果有毒，一次食用过多可致人死亡，这大大限制了白果加工业的发展，造成白果资源浪费。白果中主要致毒物质为4acute;-O-甲基吡哆醇(4acute;-O-methylpyridoxine, MPN)和它的糖苷衍生物4acute;-O-甲基吡哆醇-5acute;-葡萄糖苷(MPN-5acute;-glucoside, MPNG)，二者统称为银杏毒。本课题组前期建立了基于内源糖苷酶酶解结合树脂吸附脱除银杏毒的方法：D001树脂对MPN和MPNG均表现较好的吸附能力，并且对于前者具有更好的吸附效果，D001树脂吸附MPN和MPNG的最佳条件为温度25 oC、树脂用量为10.94 mg/mu;g、时间120 min，MPN吸附率为100 %，MPNG吸附率为85.4plusmn;0.93 %；MPNG内源酶解转化为MPN的最佳条件为：温度40 oC、pH 5.0、时间3 h；对于只含有MPN的内源酶解液进行D001吸附条件优化，得到最佳吸附条件为温度25 oC、树脂用量7.43 mg/mu;g、时间115 min，树脂吸附率为98.89plusmn;0.99%。本毕业设计将基于实验室的研究成果，设计内源糖苷酶酶解结合树脂吸附法年产1000t脱毒白果粉的工厂，为该方法的早日工业化奠定基础。本论文对本设计涉及到的银杏研究概况、白果及其致毒致敏物质研究概况进行了综述。
关键词：银杏、白果、银杏毒
Design of a factory with an annual output of 1000 tons of detoxified ginkgo powder
Abstract
Ginkgo seeds are the dry and mature seeds of ginkgo biloba L. The National Health and Nutrition Committee of China authorizes that ginkgo seeds can be used as food and drug. Modern pharmacology has demonstrated that ginkgo seeds have various kinds of active ingredients, including anti-oxidation, anti-bacteria, anti-tumor, improve immunity, treatment of cardiovascular disease and so on. However, ginkgo seeds are poisonous, and eating too many at one time can cause death. This greatly restricts the development of ginkgo processing industry, resulting in waste of ginkgo seeds resource. The main toxic substances in ginkgo nuts are 4#39;-O-methyl pyridoxine (MPN) and its glycoside derivative 4#39;-O-methyl pyridoxol-5#39;-glucoside ((MPN)-5#39;-glucoside, MPNG), MPN and MPNG are referred as ginkgotoxin. In the early stage, the research group established a method to remove ginkgotoxin by using enzymatic hydrolysis and resin adsorption: The results showed that D001 resin had adsorption capacity for MPN and MPNG, and had better adsorption effect for the MPN. The optimal conditions for D001 resin to adsorb MPN and MPNG were obtained as follows: the temperature was 25 oC, the resin amount was 10.94 mg/mu;g, the time was 120 min, the MPN adsorption rate was 100 %, and the MPNG adsorption rate was 85.4plusmn; 0.93 %. The optimal conditions for MPNG conversion to MPN were obtained as fellows: the temperature was 40 oC, the pH was 5, and the time was 3 h. Finally, the optimal D001 adsorption conditions for solutions containing only MPN were obtained as follows: the temperature was 25 oC, the resin amount was 7.43 mg/mu;g, the time was 115 min, and the adsorption rate was 98.89plusmn;0.99%. Based on the research results in the laboratory, this graduation project will design a factory with an annual output of 1000 tons of detoxification Ginkgo seeds powder based on the detoxification method by combining enzymatic hydrolysis and resin adsorption, which can lay the foundation for the early industrialization of this method. In this paper, the research situation of Ginkgo biloba, ginkgo seeds and the toxic and allergenic substances have been reviewed.
Keywords: Ginkgo biloba; Ginkgo seeds; Ginkgotoxin
1.银杏的简介
银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)又名白果、公孙树、鸭脚树、蒲扇，为银杏科、银杏属落叶乔木。银杏是我国特有的经济植物资源，具有极高的药用、食用和绿化价值，是现存种子植物中最古老的的孑遗植物，被称为植物中的“活化石”、“长寿树” [1] 。银杏是我国主要的经济树种之一，在我国绝大部分地区均有分布，其中江苏、陕西、山东、湖北、河南等省为主要产区。我国的银杏资源量位居世界首位，产量占世界产量的 70% 以上，其中白果的产量达到90%［2-4］。
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