增强增韧环氧树脂研究进展
摘要：本文综述了木骨架纳米纤维[4]的制备以及木骨架纳米纤维与环氧树脂复合获得最优的复合工艺，并测试物理力学，实现木骨架纳米纤维增强增韧环氧树脂。环氧树脂[1]具有优异的粘接性能、耐磨性能 、电绝缘性能 、 机械性能 、化学稳定性能、以及良好的加工性能、低收缩率和低廉成本等优点，因而在国民经济的各个领域中被广泛应用，如胶粘剂、电子仪表、建筑、航空航天 、涂料及先 进复合材料等领域 。但是热固性的环氧树脂固化后交联密度大，主链段运动困难，环氧树脂结构中有较多苯环刚性基团，固化时产生较强内应力，耐冲击性能较差，是典型的脆性材料，因此需对环氧树脂进行增韧改性 。
关键词：木骨架；纳米纤维素；增强增韧；环氧树脂
Strengthening and toughening of wood based nanofibers
ABSTRACT: In this paper, the preparation of wood skeleton nanofibers and the optimal composite process of wood skeleton nanofibers and epoxy resin are reviewed. The physical mechanics is tested to realize the reinforcement and toughening of epoxy resin by wood skeleton nanofibers. Epoxy resin has many advantages, such as excellent adhesion, wear resistance, electrical insulation, mechanical properties, chemical stability, good processing performance, low shrinkage and low cost, so it is widely used in various fields of national economy, such as adhesives, electronic instruments, architecture, aerospace, coatings and advanced composite materials. However, the thermosetting epoxy resin has a large crosslinking density after curing, and the main chain segment is difficult to move. There are many benzene ring rigid groups in the epoxy resin structure, resulting in strong internal stress during curing and poor impact resistance. It is a typical brittle material, so the epoxy resin needs to be toughened. Natural wood is a kind of low cost and rich material, which has been used for thousands of years as building and furniture structural materials. However, the mechanical properties (strength and toughness) of natural wood can not meet the requirements of many advanced engineering structures and applications. Therefore, it is very important to process the natural bulk wood into high-performance structural materials, namely wood skeleton nanofibers. In recent years, it has been found that the strength, toughness and impact resistance of wood skeleton nanofibers are more than 10 times higher than that of natural wood, and have greater dimensional stability, higher specific strength than most structural metals and alloys, making it a low-cost material , high performance, lightweight alternatives. It can be seen that wood matrix nanofibers and epoxy resin composite will play a good role in strengthening and toughening, and will become a promising composite material.
Key words：Wood skeleton；Nanofibers；Strengthening and toughening；epoxy resin
前言
背景：具有优异机械性能的合成结构材料要么承受着巨大的重量和不利的环境影响（例如，钢和合金），要么承受着复杂的制造过程，因此成本很高（例如，聚合物基和仿生复合材料）。天然木材是一种低成本和丰富的材料，已作为建筑和家具结构材料使用了数千年。然而，天然木材的力学性能（强度和韧性）却不能满足许多先进工程结构和应用的要求。采用蒸汽、加热、氨水或冷滚轧进行预处理，然后进行致密化处理，提高了天然木材的机械性能。然而，现有的方法导致不完全致密化和缺乏尺寸稳定性，特别是对潮湿的响应。[3]传统改性环氧树脂主要用丁晴橡胶[5]、热塑性塑料[6]、纳米粒子[7]，但是传统方法一定程度上以模量减小或者耐热性能降低为降低，难以实现韧性、强度、耐热性能的共同提高。
近年来，国内外围绕这些问题开展了自上而下[2]木骨架纳米纤维的制备及制备后与环氧树脂复合以增强增韧环氧树脂形成一种多方面性能提高的复合材料这些方面的研究。
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