水青树的解剖构造特征
摘 要
过去人们研究水青树的解剖构造特征时,一直认为水青树是无导管的。但在1991年, Suzuki等人却在水青树中发现了“异常管胞”的存在,其与导管相似。近来, Ren等人(2007)和Li等人(2011)将这种特殊细胞定义为导管状管胞,并且认为水青树可以被定义为有导管树种。之后研究者们又利用先进的设备对水青树的解剖构造特征进行了许多研究,得出了许多详尽的数据和细致的结论。他们不仅对导管状管胞进行了尺寸测量、根据穿孔板总结分类,还完善研究了水青树的解剖结构以及生长环宽度和管胞尺寸的径向变化。这些作为对水青树认识的补充,对水青树的保护和了解针阔叶材的衍化规律有重要意义和价值。
关键词:水青树;解剖构造特征;导管;管胞
ABSTRACT
Researchers have previously studied the structural characteristics of Tetracentron, and it was always thought to have no vessels. In contrast, Suzuki et al. (1991) reported the presence of “unusual tracheids” in mature wood and branch wood of Tetracentron, similar to vessel elements in hardwood. Recently, Ren et al. (2007) and Li et al. (2011) defined these particular cells as vessel-like elements and suggested that Tetracentron is a vessel tree species. Later, the anatomical structure characteristics of Tetracentron have been observed and studied by more researchers with advanced instruments. Many detailed data and conclusions have been drawn. They measure the dimensions of vessel-like elements and divide them into two types based on the perforation plates. In addition, researchers also complement the structural characteristics of Tetracentron. They evaluate the radial variations in growth ring width and tracheid dimensions. As a supplement to the knowledge of Tetracentron, the studies are of great value for the protection of Tetracentron and understanding the evolution of softwood and hardwood.
Key words: Tetracentron, structural characteristics, vessel, tracheid
引言
水青树(Tetracentraceae sinense)是第三纪留下的活化石,是古老的孑遗植物,在被子植物中,它可以认为是在进化过程中介于针叶材和阔叶材树种之间的一个树种。水青树科仅水青树一种,是我国特有的单种科。主要分布于我国中部和西南部,现仅存少量大树。由于它起源较早(自白垄纪或早期三迭纪),系统位置孤立,生态环境特殊,自1887年被发现后,一直为人们广泛注意。过去人们一直认为它是无导管阔叶材,近年来有研究者发现其存在导管状管胞,他们认为这是针阔叶材进化中间的一种特征,并且将其定义为导管。所以研究水青树的解剖构造特征对研究中国古代植物区系的演化、被子植物系统和起源具有重要的科学价值,对了解针阔叶材的衍化规律和分类也有重要的理论指导意义。
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