低甲醛释放高压装饰板的研究进展
摘要：本文综述了高压装饰板的制造以及低甲醛释放和增韧工艺。高压装饰板是用氨基树脂(主要是三聚氰胺－甲醛树脂，简称MF树脂)浸渍的表层纸、装饰纸和用酚醛树脂(简称PF树脂)浸渍的底层纸层积后在高压下热压而成的一种装饰材料。通过控制浸渍树脂的F/R、pH值、反应时间和温度，可以有效地降低高压装饰板的甲醛释放量。其增韧工艺则主要是加入增韧剂。其中三聚氰胺甲醛树脂主要可以加入一些具有良好柔韧性的改性剂或树脂以达到增韧的目的，酚醛树脂可以加入热塑性树脂、橡胶、分子内含有长链烷基的物质来增韧。随着工艺的成熟，低甲醛释放和高韧性的高压装饰板将是高压装饰板发展的重要方向。
关键词：高压装饰板 低甲醛释放 增韧
Research progress of high pressure decorative board with low formaldehyde emission
ABSTRACT：In this paper, the manufacture of high pressure decorative board and the technology of low formaldehyde emission and toughening are reviewed. High pressure decorative board is a kind of decorative material, which is made of surface paper, decorative paper impregnated with amino resin (mainly melamine formaldehyde resin, referred to as MF resin) and bottom paper impregnated with PF resin. By controlling the F / R, pH, reaction time and temperature of the impregnated resin, the formaldehyde emission of the high-pressure decorative board can be effectively reduced. The main toughening process is adding toughening agent. Among them, melamine formaldehyde resin can be toughened by adding some modifiers or resins with good flexibility. Phenolic resin can be toughened by adding thermoplastic resin, rubber and substances with long chain alkyl in the molecule. With the development of technology, the high-pressure decorative board with low formaldehyde emission and high toughness will be the important direction of the development of high-pressure decorative board.
Key words：High pressure decorative panel Low formaldehyde release Toughening
前言
高压装饰板学名为热固性树脂浸渍纸高压层积板，是一种人造板材。它是由多种专用纸张经过化学处理后，通过高温高压胶合制成的层积塑料，板面具有各种木纹和图案，色泽美观，同时具有较高的耐磨、耐热、耐寒、防火等良好的物理性能。近年来，高压装饰板在装饰材料领域突然崛起，以其独特的性能和无与伦比的优越性压倒群芳，独占魁首。这引起了人们的极大兴趣与广泛关注。广泛应用于室内装饰、家具、厨柜、实验室台面、外墙装饰、车船装饰等领域。但是高压装饰板存在甲醛释放和韧性不足等问题。因此，研究低甲醛释放高压装饰板及其增韧技术，对高压装饰板的推广和发展具有重要意义。近年来，国内外围绕这些问题开展了高压装饰板的低甲醛释放和增韧方面的研究。本文综述了高压装饰板的制造工艺及降低甲醛释放和增韧的方法。
一.高压装饰板的制造工艺
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