文献综述
摘 要
以石油为原料制得的塑料制品性能稳定且易于加工，在生活中应用广泛，但同时由于石油不可再生且以石油为原料的产品通常难以降解，往往会引发全球范围的“白色污染”，对于地球的生态造成严重破坏。为应对“白色污染”，研究可降解的热塑性材料势在必行。其中淀粉塑料因来源广泛、价格低廉、健康安全以及最重要的是可生物降解的优势为代替石油作为原料提供可能。而由马来酸酐接枝改性的聚乳酸纤维与淀粉塑料的复合可以进一步增强淀粉塑料的各种性能，弥补淀粉塑料的种种不足。
关键词：热塑性；淀粉薄膜；改性聚乳酸；纤维；接枝聚合
Literature Review
Abstract
Plastic products made from petroleum are stable in performance and easy to process, and are widely used . However, due to the non-renewable nature of petroleum and the difficulty in degradation of petroleum-based products, global “white pollution” is caused, causing serious damage to the earthrsquo;s ecology. In order to deal with “white pollution”, it is imperative to study degradable thermoplastic materials. Starch plastics offer the possibility to replace petroleum as law material due to its advantages of wide source, low price, health and safety and, most importantly, biodegradability. The composite of polylactic acid fiber modified by maleic anhydride graft and starch plastic can further enhance various properties of starch plastic and make up for various deficiencies of starch plastic.
Key word: thermoplasticity; starch film; Modified PLA; fiber; graft polymerization
- 前言
塑料在世界范围内广泛应用，纤维增强型的塑料与未经过增强的塑料相比，在拉伸强度，硬度，机械性能等各个方面均有显著提升。石油基聚合物的生产会带来一系列不利于环境的影响，而且本身需大量消耗石油这一有限资源[1],更糟糕的是由于石油基塑料往往难以降解，这就导致“白色污染”[2]。为应对这种种问题，就需研发可降解且原料来源丰富的新材料，即生物基复合材料，然而目前所研制的生物基塑料通常成本巨大，很难用于工业生产，因此较难普及。尽管如此，生物基塑料作为环境友好型的新型环保材料，依然是大势所趋。有报告指出，全球范围生物塑料的市场需求在2020年将增至100亿美金[3]。
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