由木材液化制备的不同形貌和多孔结构的碳材料的制备、特性及应用
摘要
木材由于其天然的丰富性和卓越性能已经成为一种可持续的，有前途的碳素材料。制备具有不同形态（碳球，碳纳米线，碳膜和三维碳纳米材料）和多孔结构（无序和有序结构）的碳材料对于各种领域（吸附，电容器，催化剂，太阳能电池）具有重要意义。在这里，我们介绍了来自各种生物质资源（雪松，淀粉，几丁质，稻草，竹子和落叶松木屑）的具有不同形态的碳材料的特性，并概述了当前具有不同形态的碳材料的研究进展（碳球，碳膜和碳泡沫）。然后，我们介绍了控制方法（直接碳化，水热碳化和液化碳化），这些方法已被研究来制备具有有序多孔结构的碳材料。接下来，我重点介绍了用于木材降解和活性转化的液化方法。特别是，我们专注于通过不同控制方法（超声波喷雾热解，软模板，掺杂，起泡和纳米化）从液化木材生产的具有不同形态和多孔结构的碳材料的制造，特性和应用。最后，我对超级电容器提出了自己的观点，未来对于城市交通系统，军事装备，智能分布式网格系统，新能源汽车，太阳能系统和风力涡轮机系统，还需要进一步探索。
关键词：碳材料 形态学 多孔结构 木材液化
Fabrication, characteristics and applications of carbon materials with different morphologies and porous structures produced from wood liquefaction
ABSTRACT
Wood has emerged as a sustainable and promising precursor for carbon materials owing to its natural abundance and superb properties. It is of significant importance to prepare carbon materials with different morphologies (carbon spheres, carbon nanowires, carbon membranes, and three-dimensional carbon nanomaterials) and porous structures (disordered and ordered structure) for various fields (adsorption, capacitor, catalyst, solar cells, and sensors). Here, we introduce the characteristics of carbon materials with different morphologies from various biomass sources (Cedar, Starch, Chitin, Straw, Bamboo, and Larch sawdust) and present a comprehensive review of the current research on the development of carbon materials with different morphologies (carbon spheres, carbon membrane, and carbon foams) from liquefied wood. We then introduce control methods (direct carbonization, hydro thermal carbonization, and liquefaction carbonization) that have been explored to prepare carbon materials with ordered porous structures. Next, we highlight the liquefaction method for the degradation and activity transformation of wood. In particular, we focus on the fabrication, characteristics and applications of carbon materials with different morphologies and porous structures produced from liquefied wood by different control methods (ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, soft template, doping, foaming, and nano-ething). Finally, we present our perspectives on super capacitors, which need further exploration in the future for urban traffic systems, military equipment, intelligent distributed grid systems, new energy vehicles, solar energy systems, and wind turbine systems.
Keywords:CarbonmaterialsMorphologyPorousstructureWoodliquefaction
目录
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