光引发剂含量对本体光交联淀粉塑料的影响
摘要:塑料工业的快速发展给人们的生产生活带来了巨大的变化,但也造成了一些严重的环境问题。石油基塑料在自然环境当中难以降解,会造成“白色污染”,且石油资源是不可再生资源。淀粉塑料(TPS)的出现为解决这一环境问题提供了可能。淀粉具有良好的生物降解性能,且来源广泛,价格低廉,可用于制备生物降解塑料。由于淀粉分子中含有大量的羟基,相较于石油基塑料,淀粉塑料的力学性能和耐水性能不好,从而限制了其应用。在淀粉中加入小分子塑化剂等物质,可以使淀粉具有一定的热塑性,从而扩大其使用范围。本文介绍了淀粉塑料的定义和分类,简要概括了淀粉塑料的国内外研究现状,并进一步对淀粉塑料的未来发展提出了展望。
关键词:淀粉塑料 交联 光引发剂 含量
Effect of Photoinitiator Content on
Bulk Photocrosslinked Thermoplastic Starch
Abstract: The rapid development of the plastics industry has brought tremendous changes in people#39;s life and industrial production, but it has also caused some serious environmental problems. Petroleum-based plastics are difficult to degrade in the natural environment and then cause 'white pollution'; whatrsquo;s more, petroleum is non-renewable resources. Therefore, the advent of thermoplastic starch (TPS) provides a solution to this environmental problem. Starch has good biodegradability and is widely available at low cost and can be used to produce biodegradable plastics. Because starch molecules contain a large number of hydroxyl groups, compared with the petroleum-based plastics, mechanical properties and water resistance of thermoplastic starch is not good, thus limiting its application. Adding plasticizesr and other small substances in TPS enables TPS to possess a certain degree of thermoplasticity, thereby expanding its scope of use. This paper introduces the definition and classification of starch plastics, briefly summarizes the current research status of starch plastics at home and abroad, and further prospects for the future development of starch plastics.
Key words: thermoplastic starch, research progress, photocrosslinking, initiator
塑料工业的快速发展在给人们的生产生活带来便利的同时,也造成了一些严重的环境问题。塑料在自然环境当中难以自然降解,造成“白色污染”;并且目前使用的塑料制品来源于石油,是不可再生资源,当石油资源面临枯竭,依赖于石油的塑料产业也将面临衰退。因此,研究和开发生物降解塑料是治理塑料废弃物造成的环境问题、解决塑料制品来源困难的可行方法。
淀粉具有良好的生物降解性能,且来源广泛,价格低廉,可用于制备生物降解塑料。淀粉分为两种:一种是直链淀粉,是包含数百个alpha;-1,4-糖苷键连接的D-吡喃葡萄糖单元的链状分子;另一种是支链淀粉,是由短链多糖通过1-6-糖苷键连接支化点而成的树形结构分子[1]。由于淀粉分子中含有大量的羟基,具有较大的亲水性、极性,能与水分子形成大量氢键,从而使淀粉呈现出刚性的颗粒结构,相较于石油基塑料,淀粉塑料的力学性能和耐水性能不好,从而限制了淀粉塑料的应用。因此,需要在淀粉中加入其他物质,如小分子塑化剂等,使淀粉分子无序化,具有一定的热塑性[2]。
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