我国湖泊水质现状及富营养化防治对策
The lake water quality and eutrophication control measures in China
摘要
随着我国人口的不断增加以及工业化、城市化进程的持续化推进，湖泊富营养化问题也日益严重，水质状态不断恶化，已经发展成为相对严重的水环境污染问题。湖泊是我国非常重要的淡水资源，湖泊富营养化的频繁爆发为人们的生产和生活都带来了非常不利的影响。而为了有效的防控湖泊富营养化，我国各级政府也投入了大量人力与物力，但是在一些湖泊富营养化频繁区域，现阶段我国所采取我的防治措施还没有收到理想而满意的效果。而本文正是针对湖泊水质现状及富营养化问题的防治对策所进行的相关文献综述，通过对国内外湖泊富营养化防治对策的综述分析，结合我国在湖泊富营养化研究方面存在的相关问题，以提出改善我国湖泊水质、缓解富营养化污染的防治新思路。
Abstract
With the continuous increase of Chinas population and industrialization, city development, lake eutrophication has become increasingly serious, water quality deterioration has become the problem of water pollution is relatively serious. Lake is a very important freshwater resource in our country. The frequent outbreak of lake eutrophication has a very negative impact on peoples production and life. In order to effectively control the eutrophication of lakes, our government has invested a lot of manpower and resources, but eutrophication frequently in some lakes region, at the present stage in our country have taken preventive measures I havent received the ideal and satisfactory effect. This article is a review of related literature in view of the present situation and Countermeasures of eutrophication of lake water quality was reviewed, through to the domestic and foreign lake eutrophication control countermeasure analysis, combined with the related problems in our study on Eutrophication in lakes, in order to put forward the improvement of Chinas water quality, ease of new ideas the prevention of eutrophication pollution.
关键词：湖泊水质；富营养化；现状治理；文献研究
Keywords：Lake water quality; eutrophication; present situation management; literature research
近年来，我国经济发展提速，资源利用强度加大，工业也持续了扩张性的快速发展。而在这种粗放式的发展结构下，工业和生活废水开始不断增加，并且没有经过任何的处理，就直接排放到自然环境之中。再加上我国大多数群众的环保意识相对淡薄，废水中的富营养化元素在水质中就会不断地积累，导致河水中的有机氮迅速提升，这样就会大量滋生微生物，进而让水质变得更坏，从而引发了我国湖泊氮、磷营养盐严重富集，某些湖泊生态系统结构遭受破坏，功能紊乱，一些区域的湖泊蓝藻水华频繁爆发，湖泊富营养化呈现迅猛发展的趋势，并对区域经济发展与生产、生活用水保障带来严重威胁。
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