文献综述
摘要:
硒是人体所必须的营养元素,在治疗疾病、提高免疫力、防止衰老等方面具有重要意义,糙米富含多种营养素、生物活性物质、长寿因子等。富硒发芽糙米在糙米的发芽过程中引入了硒这种特殊元素,使之不仅有发芽糙米的优势,还具有硒的功能,是营养丰富、具有发展前景的功能性食品。本文介绍了富硒发芽糙米的特点及生产工艺,以及对该食品商业化现状及未来进行分析和展望。
Abstract:
Selenium is a necessary nutrient element for human beings. It plays an important role in treating diseases, improving immunity and preventing aging, etc. Brown rice is rich in many nutrients, bioactive substances and longevity factors. Selenium enriched germinated brown rice introduces selenium as a special element in the germination process of brown rice, which not only has the advantages of germinated brown rice, but also has the function of selenium. It can serve as one functional food with rich nutrition and development prospects. This paper will introduce the characteristics and production technology of selenium-enriched germinated brown rice, and analyze and prospect the commercial status and future of this food.
关键词:富硒发芽糙米,功能性食品,生产工艺
Key words: Selenium-rich germinated brown rice, functional food, production technology
1.富硒发芽糙米概述
发芽糙米是将糙米经发芽至一定芽长,所得到的由幼芽和带糠层的胚乳组成的糙米制品。硒是人体必需的14种微量元素之一。富硒发芽糙米是水稻在生长过程中施加外源硒肥而得到富硒糙米,然后对富硒糙米进行发芽,或是在糙米发芽过程中添加硒溶液,使糙米在发芽的同时进行富硒所得到的糙米制品[1]。糙米发芽是糙米在一定的生理活性工艺条件下,其所含的大量酶如淀粉酶、蛋白酶、植酸酶等被激活和释放,并从结合态转化为游离态的酶解过程。糙米经发芽后,机体内的内源酶被激活,催化一系列生理生化反应,组织结构变松软,矿物质等营养成分可消化率增加,风味和口感得到很大改善,其营养及功能性价值也大大提高。而富硒发芽糙米,在发芽过程中通过自身的生物转化能力,吸收外源无机硒转化为有机硒,既富集了有机硒,也富集了功能性因子gamma;-氨基丁酸(GABA),兼具了硒和糙米的双重功能[2]。
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