红景天中红景天苷和酪醇的深共熔溶剂同步提取研究
摘要：红景天是一种多年生草本植物，是珍稀的药用植物，具有抗衰老、抑制癌细胞生长增殖、抑制动脉粥样硬化、增强机体免疫力等作用。红景天苷和酪醇是红景天最主要的有效活性成分，在抗抑郁、抗癌、心脏保护和中枢神经系统增强方面具有显著的疗效。当前文献报道的传统的的分离提取方法存在两个问题：（1）由于红景天苷、酪醇的化学性质差异，很难找到一种溶剂可以高效地同步提取红景天苷和酪醇，因此，当前都是以红景天苷或酪醇作为提取对象，造成资源浪费；（2）以有机溶剂如甲醇、乙醇作为提取溶剂，溶剂使用量大，提取温度高，能耗高，有溶剂残留。深共熔溶剂是一种新型的绿色溶剂，是由一定摩尔比的氢键受体和氢键供体制备而成的低共熔混合物。因其绿色、高效、可设计等性质，本研究尝试采用深共熔溶剂同步提取红景天中红景天苷和酪醇，以解决当前研究存在的两个问题。
关键词：红景天苷；酪醇；深共熔溶剂；绿色溶剂；同步提取
The study on simultaneous extraction of salidroside and tyrosal from Rhodiola rosea Lby deep eutectic solvents
Abstract: Rhodiola rosea L is a perennial herb. It#39;s also a kind of rare medicinal plant, which has the function of resisting aging, inhibiting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, inhibiting the atherosclerosis, enhancing the immunity of the body and so on. Salidroside and tyrosine are the most important active components in Rhodiola, which have significant effects on antidepressant, anticancer, heart protection, and the enhancement of central nervous system. There are two problems existing in the traditional methods of separation and extraction reported in the current literatures:(1) Because of the differences of the chemical properties of salidroside and tyrosal, it is difficult to find a solvent to extract salidroside and tyrol efficiently and synchronously. Therefore, the extraction object is always one of salidroside and tyrosal, leading to waste of resources. (2) Using organic solvents such as methanol and ethanol as extraction solvents, which result in large amount of solvent consumption, high extraction temperature, high energy consumption and solvent residue. Deep eutectic solvent, a new kind of green solvent, is a low eutectic mixture prepared by a certain molar ratio of hydrogen bond acceptor and hydrogen bond donor. Due to its various properties such as green, high efficiency and designable, this study attempted to extract the salidroside and tyrosal in Rhodiola by deep eutectic solvents simultaneously, in order to solve the two problems existing in the current research.
Key words: salidroside; tyrosal; deep eutectic solvents;green solvents; simultaneous extraction
1 红景天简介
红景天(Rhodiola)属于景天科(Crassulaceae)红景天属(Rhodaola L.)，多年生草本植物或亚灌木植物。红景天属植物是珍稀的药用植物，具有类似中医的扶正固本、清肺利气的作用。我国红景天储藏量丰富，资源拥有量占世界总量的80%以上。早在两千多年前，西藏人就发现了它的药用价值，以其入药来提高自身的免疫力，更好地抵抗外界恶劣的环境[1]。红景天中主要的化学成分有甙类、黄酮类、香豆素类、生物碱类等, 其中红景天苷是红景天最主要的有效活性成分，在抗抑郁、抗癌、心脏保护和中枢神经系统增强方面具有显著的疗效[2]。因此，研究红景天苷的提取纯化对于其能否更好地发挥保健功效有着重要的意义。
1.1红景天的分布和生长环境
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