摘 要：近年来，国内的人造板年产量维持着快速增长的趋势，其中以中密度纤维板和刨花板的产量增长最为明显。在中密度纤维板生产线中，多层热压机一直是企业普遍使用的机械设备，而同时闭合机构则是其重要的组成部分之一。同时闭合机构能够使得任意两块相邻的热压板，无论是处在闭合还是打开状态，其运动速度符合等差数列的规律，即热压板间相对速度基本相等，且相邻压板间的间距时刻保持相等，进而有效确保了成品板的质量。故而，一个运行平稳、可靠性高的同时闭合机构，不仅能够确保每层成品板的密度和厚度的均匀性，并且还能够显著改善多层热压机的整机性能。
通过设计计算、校核以及对比论证的方法，此次设计对中密度多层热压机同时闭合机构的结构进行了优化，使其结构更加趋于合理，从而提高热压机整机的工作效率和稳定性。设计过程中，首先就是根据以往的设计经验，确定压板在完全张开和完全闭合两个状态下的关键零部件的极限尺寸，然后是结构优化设计，最后是零件的强度和刚度的验算。
此外，在同时闭合机构中，补偿装置及其相关零部件的选型也很关键。鉴于在实际的闭合及热压过程中，拉杆的长度无法完全维持不变，此时便需要补偿装置给各根拉杆的长度留出相应的调整余量，保证其不会因受拉受压不均匀而断裂。补偿装置类型多样，如何选型也需要我们去权衡利弊。
关键词：中密度板材；多层热压机；同时闭合机构；补偿装置
Summary for Synchronous Closing Mechanism design of MDF Multi-layer Hot Press
Jiang Huafei
Abstract：In recent years, the annual yield of Chinese man-made board has maintained a fast growing trend, and the production of MDF and particleboard has been the most obvious. In the manufacture of MDF, multi-layer hot presses have always been the mechanical equipment commonly used by man-made board enterprises, while the closing mechanism is a crucial part of it. Simultaneous closing mechanism can ensure any two adjacent hot pressing plates, whether in a closed or open state, having a moving speed that conforms to the law of the arithmetic progression, that is, the relative speeds between the pressing plates are substantially equal, and the spacing between pressing plates is kept equal, which effectively ensures the quality of the finished board. Therefore, a stable and reliable simultaneous closing mechanism can not only ensures the uniformity of density and thickness of each finished board, but also significantly improves the overall performance of the multi-layer hot press.
By means of design calculation, check calculation and comparative analysis, this design optimizes the structure of the simultaneous closing mechanism of the medium-density multi-layer hot press, and makes the structure more reasonable, thus improving the work efficiency and stability of the hot press machine. In the design process, to begin with, we should determine the limit size of the key components of the pressure plate in the fully opened or closed state according to the former practical experience, then the structural optimization design, and finally the strength and stiffness of the part.
In addition, in the simultaneous closing mechanism, the selection of the compensation device and its related components are also critical. In consideration of the reality that the length of tie rods cannot be completely maintained unchanged during the actual closing and hot pressing process, the compensation device is required to leave a corresponding adjustment margin for the length of each tie rod, to ensure that it will not break due to uneven tension and tension. There are many types of compensation devices, and we should weigh their merits and drawbacks.
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