高地隙自走式变量喷雾机总体结构设计
摘 要
近年来，随着我国农业产业结构的调整，以合作社为基础的大规模种植产业链正在形成，相应地农业机械化发展也迎来了千载难逢的好时机。高地隙自走式变量喷雾机作为一种重要的农业植保机械，在作物病虫草害化学防治方面发挥着重要的作用.尤其在解决高秆类作物中后期施药难、防治效果差的问题上效果尤为突出。然而，受到技术水平的限制，目前国产高地隙自走式变量喷雾机普遍存在机械结构设计简单，施药效率低，耗费时间长和智能化水平不高的问题。本文在总结了国内外高地隙自走式变量喷雾机研究和发展现状的基础上，针对目前国产高地隙自走式变量喷雾机智能化水平不高的现实情况，优化其设计使其更安全高效；将高地隙自走式喷雾机与变量喷雾相结合，设计一种适用于环境复杂的高地隙自走式变量喷雾机，来达到省药、省时、作业效率高的目的。
关键词：高地隙；喷雾机；变量；自走式
Overall structure design of high ground self - propelled variable atomizer
Abstract
In recent years, with the adjustment of China#39;s agricultural industrial structure, the large-scale planting industry chain based on cooperatives is taking shape, and the development of agricultural mechanization has ushered in a golden opportunity. As an important agricultural plant protection machinery, the upland gap self-propelled variable sprayer plays an important role in the chemical control of crop diseases, insect pests and weeds. It is especially effective in solving the problems of difficult application and poor control effect in middle and late stage of high stem crops. However, limited by the technical level, at present, the domestic highland gap self-propelled variable sprayer generally has the problems of simple mechanical structure design, low application efficiency, long time consuming and low intelligence level. On the basis of summarizing the research and development status of domestic and foreign upland gap self-propelled variable sprayer, this paper aims to optimize the design of domestic upland gap self-propelled variable sprayer to make it safer and more efficient. This paper designs a kind of variable sprayer which is suitable for complicated environment by combining upland self-propelled sprayer with variable sprayer, so as to save medicine, time and work efficiency.
Key words: highland gap; Spray machine; Variables; Self propelled
1.1课题研究背景和意义
我国是农业生产病虫害高发地区之一，每年累计病虫害发生面积达到53亿亩次之多，导致农作物减产17%左右。我国高杆农作物中后期病虫害防治迫切需要高行间通过性高效植保动力机械。一般的植保机械不能对水稻、玉米等的高杆作物生长中后期进行施药工作，这也成为了农业生产的技术瓶颈。然而，国内现有植保机械大多以手动喷雾器、背负式机动弥雾机及拖拉机牵引式喷雾机为主，难以满足现代农业大规模生产作业的需求。但是，大型、高端植保机械能够有效的处理这些问题。高地隙自走式喷杆喷雾机是最重要的大型、高端的植保机械之一，具有机械化和自动化程度高、使用方便、通过性好、适用范围广等优点，并几乎可适应于所有农作物的植保作业，特别是生长期内高度变化较大的高秆作物的大面积、高效率植保作业，从而大大减轻农民的劳动强度，最大程度地保护劳动者并明显降低作业成本，提高经济效益。虽然高地隙自走式喷杆喷雾机有很多的优点，但它在施药方面还存在着不小的问题，如农药利用率不高，农药浪费，农药污染等问题。
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