摘 要
我国森林广阔，是我国经济生产的重要因素，而每年因为病虫害造成的经济损失多达上千亿元，因此对林业病虫害的检测就显得尤为重要。由于采集标本和地面、航空、卫星遥感检测林业病虫害的的方法受到诸多限制，加上如今无人机技术的飞速发展，因此可以将小型无人机平台和植被光谱采集装置结合起来，设计搭建多旋翼无人机机体，设计飞控，设计航拍云台，选定相机，进行光谱应用改装。通过对林业作物区域进行低空航拍，并对航拍光谱图像进行光谱分析和病情诊断，达到方便快捷、低成本并且能够对大面积的林业作物进行即时重复地分析检测的目的。
关键词：无人机；植被光谱；光谱采集；
Design of spectral acquisition device based on UAV
ABSTRACT
Our country forest is broad,it is the main factor of economic production of our country,and the economic loss that causes because of disease and insect pest every year amounts to hundreds of billions of yuan,because this is right,the detection of forestry disease and insect pest appears particularly important.Because the samples were taken and the ground,aviation,satellite remote sensing detection method is limited by many forestry pests and diseases,with the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicle(uav)technology nowadays,therefore can be small unmanned aerial vehicle(uav)platform and vegetation spectral acquisition device,designed to build more drones lead-lag and flight control design,design of aerial yuntai,camera,selected for the application of modified.By taking aerial photographs of forest crop areas at low altitude and making spectral analysis and disease diagnosis of aerial photographs,it is convenient,fast,low-cost and able to conduct real-time and repeated analysis and detection of large areas of forest crops.
Keywords:Unmanned aerial vehicle(uav);Vegetation spectral;Spectral acquisition；
课题研究目的和意义
1.1研究背景
我国森林广阔，总体面积居世界第五位，人工林面积居世界首位，是我国经济生产的重要因素，但是根据中国林业年鉴，2013全国林业病虫害发生面积为1202.37万公顷，同比增长2.2%，森林病虫害造成的经济损失达1100多亿元。并且随着气候的变化，外来物种的入侵，病虫害发生的频率越来越高，面积也越来大，而且病虫害的存活率和繁殖力都在增加，导致森林病虫害造成的危害逐年加剧[1-2]，林业病虫害成为制约我国林业可持续发展的重要因素之一，因此及时准确掌握森林病虫害发生的地理位置、发生面积、危害等级、预测蔓延范围等，对于森林病虫害的防治尤为重要。现在对林业作物病害的检测有采集标本和使用卫星、航空、地面遥感两种办法。但是采集标本要花费大量的人力物力，并且获得消息具有滞后性[3]，因此很难对大片林区进行即时重复地检测；卫星、航空平台的遥感技术不仅成本高，而且受到空域和天气的限制，很难满足中小型企业以及个体经营着的需要，所以人们很难对大面积的林业作物进行病害的即时重复地分析检测和预防。
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