“高转速风力灭火机”文献综述
摘要：本文综述分析了国内外现有的灭火装备。我国最早提出风力灭火机的设想，在此基础上研发出了CF系列、6MF系列、HFM系列等不同型号的便携式风力灭火机、消防车等灭火机具。欧美国家基于重量轻、噪声低、振动小的小型发动机，应用开发形成航空、地面灭火设备，并拥有多功能消防车、航空消防飞机等消防机具。其中便携式风力灭火机可以有效扑灭草原火灾、幼林和次生林火灾、荒山草坡火灾，并能有效控制一定高度的树冠火，是目前森林火灾中必不可少的灭火机具。便携式风力灭火机完全由操作者背负或手提，与操作者紧密接触，因此最近几年又将人机工程学的相关技术应用于便携式风力灭火机中，同时数值模拟技术已经成为研究风力灭火机流体内部运动规律，预测流体性能，优化性能的一种重要手段。国内很多学者已经通过CFD软件对风力灭火机的复杂流畅进行分析，借助控制微分方程、三维几何模型的建立和流动区域的离散化等，对计算结构进行分析，增大了风力灭火机的出口风速和有效风量。
本文结合人机工程学机械设计原则和GB T 10280-2008《林业机械便携式风力灭火机标准》，综合分析国内外现有的便携式风力灭火机，存在人机界面不友好，燃料不经济环保、振动大、有效风速和有效风量不能完全满足快速有效灭火等问题。为了解决上述问题，需创新研发出新型动力与结构的便携式风力灭火机。因此，未来优化便携式风力灭火机的方向将趋向于智能化、电动化、通用化。
关键词：森林防火；消防装备；风力灭火机;高转速;人机工程学
Review on the research of high speed wind fire extinguisher
Abstract: This paper summarizes and analyzes the existing fire-fighting equipment at home and abroad. Our country first put forward the idea of wind-driven fire extinguisher, on this basis, we developed CF series, 6MF series, HFM series and other different types of portable wind-driven fire extinguishers, fire trucks and other fire-fighting equipment. Based on small engines with light weight, low noise and small vibration, European and American countries have developed aviation and ground fire-fighting equipment, and have multi-functional fire trucks, aviation fire-fighting aircraft and other fire-fighting equipment. Among them, the portable wind fire extinguisher can effectively extinguish grassland fire, young forest and secondary forest fire, barren mountain and grass slope fire, and can effectively control a certain height of canopy fire, which is an essential fire extinguishing equipment in the current forest fire. The portable wind extinguisher is completely carried or carried by the operator, which is in close contact with the operator. Therefore, in recent years, the relevant technology of ergonomics has been applied to the portable wind extinguisher. At the same time, the numerical simulation technology has become an important means to study the internal motion law of the fluid, predict the fluid performance and optimize the performance of the wind extinguisher. Many domestic scholars have analyzed the complexity and fluency of the wind fire extinguisher by CFD software. With the help of the control differential equation, the establishment of three-dimensional geometric model and the discretization of the flow area, the calculation structure has been analyzed to increase the outlet wind speed and effective wind volume of the wind fire extinguisher.
Based on the design principles of ergonomics and GB T 10280-2008 standard for “portable wind fire extinguishers of forestry machinery”, this paper finds that the current man-machine interface of portable wind fire extinguishers is not friendly, and there are problems such as fuel uneconomical and environmental protection, large vibration, effective wind speed and effective air volume not meeting the requirements of large forest fires. In order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to study the portable wind-driven fire extinguisher which does not need manual ignition, has low vibration and noise, and has high effective wind speed and air volume. Therefore, in the future, the direction of optimizing portable wind fire extinguishers will tend to be intelligent, electric and universal.
Keywords: Forest fire prevention；Fire fighting equipment；Wind fire extinguisher；High speed；Ergonomics
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