多孔隙结构功能型木材的构建研究文献综述

 2022-02-07 18:53:41

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多孔隙结构功能型木材的构建研究

摘要:作为可再生的天然生物质资源,木材由中空纤维组成,主要成分为纤维素,半纤维素和木质素,是一个具备3D形态的生物质材料.利用木材天然具备的多孔层次结构进行开发利用,成为木材新兴的研究方向,既可以作为功能材料应用于节能建筑领域,又可以作为能量储存材料,还可以进行污水处理和太阳能蒸汽发电.目前已经开发出了木质气凝胶,其高度方向上可压缩,具有各向异性的特点,同时孔隙度高达95%.因此直接从木材中制备高质量的介孔型3D疏水气凝胶材料已成为有研究热点。本课题主要研究在木材多层次的细胞壁内形成孔隙,在细胞壁间形成大孔,使得木材在保留天然三维结构的情况下,由内而外的形成具有波状层叠的拱形多孔结构。这种特殊结构使其有很好的机械压缩性和弹性恢复能力,极高的孔隙率,类似于海绵,丝瓜络等可作为多孔材料的基体或吸附材料基体。本研究主要采用氯化胆碱和草酸构建DES体系(ChCl-Oa DES)来制备多孔隙结构功能型木材,并对NaClO2法,NaOH法和ChCl-Oa DES法三种方法通过多种表征进行比较。

关键词:层状结构,3D多孔结构,定向纳米纤维素,木材化学,木质基材料

Study on the Construction of Functional Wood with Porous Structure

Abstract:As a renewable natural biomass resource, wood is composed of hollow fibers, mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. It is a biomass material with three-dimensional morphology. Utilizing the natural porous hierarchical structure of wood to develop and utilize has become a new research direction of wood, which can be used as functional materials in energy-saving buildings and energy storage. Storage materials can also be used for sewage treatment and solar steam power generation. At present, wood aerogels have been developed, which are highly compressible and anisotropic, and the porosity is as high as 95%.. Therefore, the preparation of high-quality mesoporous 3D hydrophobic aerogels from wood has become a research hotspot. This paper mainly studies the formation of pore in the multi-layer cell wall of wood, and the formation of macropore in the cell wall, which makes the wood form an arch porous structure with wavy layers from inside to outside while retaining the natural three-dimensional structure. This special structure makes it have good mechanical compressibility and elastic resilience, extremely high porosity, similar to sponge, luffa, etc. can be used as the matrix of porous materials or adsorption materials. In this study, choline chloride and oxalic acid were used to construct DES system (ChCl-Oa DES) to prepare functional wood with porous structure. NaClO 2 method, NaOH method and ChCl-Oa DES method were compared through various characterization methods.

Key words: Layered, 3D Porous Structure, Directional Nanocellulose, Wood Chemistry, Wood-based Materials

1 引言

本课题预想能实现直接从天然木材,通过化学处理选择性地去除木质素和半纤维素,破坏天然木材的薄细胞壁,获得纳米纤维素基材,在经过冻干处理后有波状堆积层的片状结构,并将这种脆弱的结构通过某些处理方法保留下来,提高其力学强度并赋予弹性恢复能力。这种层叠的拱形层结构具有多孔的可压缩恢复的几乎都是纤维素的木材我们将其称为多孔隙结构功能型木材。在过去,这种几乎都是纳米纤维素的材料通常采用CNC和CNF材料制得,本课题制备多孔隙结构功能型木材,是直接利用天然木材制得纳米纤维素基材[1-2],通过改性获得相当于CNC和CNC制作的多孔性可压缩重复利用的材料,但是优于它们,成本更低,流程更为简单,对环境所造成的污染也更小。目前,构建多孔隙结构功能型木材的方法都存在污染严重,工艺复杂等问题,所以我们希望引入绿色溶剂DES体系来构建多孔隙结构功能型木材。多孔隙结构功能型木材主要用于制作透明木材,该方向的研究有很多,运用的方向也有很多。但是深入处理获得的这种层叠的波状拱形结构,并没有得到很好的利用;多孔隙结构功能型木材作为木材新兴的研究方向,它在可应用的方向也制得本课题去探究。

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