定向重组展平竹集成材制造及性能研究
摘要：竹材是一种环境友好、可循环使用的绿色建材，但原竹尺寸较小、刚度较低，从而制约其推广应用。目前竹产品在内外装修、家具、用具、纸产品方面有广泛的应用，但在建筑结构和桥梁方面还有很大的发展空间。竹展平板因其简单的工艺，较低的成本，较大的幅面尺寸以及优异的力学性能，适合作为单元，制造建筑结构用集成材。首先介绍了竹产业发展现状，指出了将竹材单元由竹片向竹展平板发展的趋势；随后从竹展平板制备工艺、性能及应用，揭示了竹展平板用于建筑结构材的广阔前景。最后介绍了定向重组竹集成材的研究进展，提出了以展平竹板为单元，通过一次成型工艺制造定向重组展平竹集成材的路线。
关键词：竹展平板；建筑结构材；集成材；生产工艺；力学性能
Directional flattened bamboo laminated lumber manufacturing and performance research
Abstract: Bamboo is a kind of environment-friendly and recyclable green building materials. However, the small size and low stiffness of the original bamboo restrict its popularization and application. At present, bamboo products are widely used in interior and exterior decoration, furniture, appliances, paper products, but there is still a great space for development in building structures and Bridges. Because of its simple process, low cost, large size and excellent mechanical properties, flattened bamboo board is suitable for the manufacture of integrated materials for building structure. Firstly, the development status of bamboo industry is introduced, and the trend of developing bamboo unit from bamboo slice to bamboo spread flat plate is pointed out. Then from the manufacture technology, properties and application of bamboo spreading plate, the broad prospect of flattened bamboo board used in building structural materials is revealed. Finally, the research progress of directional bamboo laminated lumber was introduced, and the route of manufacturing directional flattened bamboo laminated lumber by one-step molding process was put forward.
Keywords: flattened bamboo board; building material; laminated lumber; manufacture technology; mechanical property
前言
当前我国的森林总资源相对不足、质量较低且分布不均，因此，国内的木材资源供应紧张，优质木材依赖进口。在此背景之下，寻求优质的木材替代品并加以开发利用显得十分重要。我国地处世界竹子分布的中心，竹子有40 余属，500 余种，面积达673 万hm2，占世界竹子资源的1/3[1]。竹子生长周期短，产量高，种植难度低，一次成功造林便可长期利用。同时，竹材色泽柔和、纹理美观、手感舒适，还具有韧性好、强度高、硬度大等的优异物理力学性能，这些特点都让竹材有了工程应用的可能。
然而，竹材本身几何形体具有径小、中空、壁薄、尖削度大的特点，竹壁厚度上存在物理力学性能不同的竹青、竹肉和竹黄三部分。因此竹材无法像木材一样通过锯切或刨切的方法加工成单板，而竹材旋切单板也存在着幅面小，易碎裂，产量小等问题。竹材特殊的材性导致其难以加工、材料利用率低下[2]。
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