全文总字数：6922字
虫胶自修复复合变色微胶囊制备及在硬阔叶材基材表面涂饰性能研究
摘要：虫胶可室温固化，在本次实验中用做修复剂，其他涂料比如生漆不能室温固化，对环境要求高，因此不能做修复材料用。其次，变色是结合智能涂料，智能化是未来家具的趋势。本实验用自制的虫胶微胶囊和变色微胶囊按不同配比添加到清漆里，搅拌形成的涂料涂抹于四块规格尺寸相等等硬阔叶材板材表面，在常温和高温39℃下分别测量板材的色差，探讨微胶囊对基材表面色泽度的影响；在常温下，用美工刀截取板材表面任一一小块，在表面划下一道30-40微米宽的划痕，用显微镜观察并做好记录，5天后，再次用显微镜观察划痕处是否有愈合，从而研究复合微胶囊对板材表面自修复性能的影响。此外，从正交实验中选出最优样进行独立实验，并对最优样进行表面粗糙度、硬度、红外、扫描电镜的测试，进一步检测最优样中的含量。研究结果表明：变色微胶囊对板材表面有变色作用，但随着虫胶微胶囊的加入，对变色微胶囊的变色效果起抑制作用；同时，划痕在5天后变小了，尤其是在微胶囊较多的区域较明显，即复合微胶囊对板材划痕处有修复的效果；在虫胶微胶囊可以对板材起自修复作用的情况下，变色粉含量为15%时，对板材的变色效果最好。虫胶微胶囊涂在板材上后，虫胶微胶囊含量不同的涂膜样本之间均没有多余峰的消失或出现，表面微胶囊与涂膜未产生化学反应。变色粉分子中内酯环开环，形成了共轭发色结构，说明变色成立，且证明变色微胶囊制备成功。
关键词：复合微胶囊；硬阔叶材；变色；自修复
Abstract: Shellac can be cured at room temperature. It is used as a repair agent in this experiment. Other coatings such as raw paint can not be cured at room temperature, which requires high environmental requirements, so it cannot be used as repair materials. Secondly, color change is combined with intelligent coating, intelligent is the trend of furniture in the future. In this experiment, the coating was added to the varnish by different proportion of the homemade shellac microcapsules and discoloration microcapsules. The color difference of the four hard and broad-leaved wood plates with the same size was coated with the coating. The color difference of the plates was measured at 39 ℃ at room temperature and high temperature, and the influence of microcapsules on the surface color of the substrate was discussed; At room temperature, a small piece of the surface of the plate is cut with a American knife, and a 30-40 micron wide scratch is cut on the surface. The micro microscope is used to observe and record it. After 5 days, the scratch healing is observed again with a microscope, so as to study the effect of composite microcapsules on the surface self-repair performance. In addition, the optimal sample was selected from orthogonal experiment for independent experiment, and the surface roughness, hardness, infrared and scanning electron microscope were tested to further detect the content of the optimal sample. The results show that the color change microcapsules have the effect of discoloration on the surface of the plate, but with the addition of shellac microcapsules, the discoloration effect of the microcapsules is inhibited; At the same time, the scratch becomes smaller after 5 days, especially in the area with more microcapsules, that is, composite microcapsules have the effect of repairing the scratch of the plate; When the content of the discolor powder is 15%, the effect of the discoloration is the best. After coating on the board, there was no excess peak disappeared or appeared between the coating samples with different content of the microcapsules, and there was no chemical reaction between the surface microcapsules and the coating. The conjugated chromogenic structure of lactone in the discolored powder molecules is formed, which indicates the formation of discoloration, and the preparation of the microcapsules is successful.
Keywords: microcapsule,；hardwood,；discoloration,；self repair
1.研究背景
微胶囊技术是利用成膜材料包覆具有分散性的固体物质、液体或气体而形成的具有核/壳结构的微小容器的一种技术[5]。随着社会进步和科学技术的发展，涂料因其具有高装饰性和保护作用等优点，被普遍应用于建筑、汽车、木器表面涂饰领域[6-7]。但涂层材料在使用过程不可避免地会受到来自周围环境的损害。导致其自身吗结构以及各项性能受到影响，从而产生微裂纹。微裂纹的扩展会破坏涂层的整体结构，降低涂层的保护作用，使其力学性能退化[8]。而传统的修复方法需要消耗大量的人力物力，且涂层中的微裂纹难以通过传统的外部手段进行修复[9]。鉴于此，近年来众多研究人员通过模仿生物体的自我修复功能，利用自修复技术，为修复涂层中微裂纹的损伤提供了一种新颖的有效途径[10-11]。目前，微胶囊埋植型自修复涂层是自修复复合材料的研究热点之一，它同样是模拟生物体损伤自愈合的原理，实现对涂层微裂纹、划痕等缺陷的自我修复，可有效提升涂层的耐蚀性性能和使用寿命。从修复机理进行分类，微胶囊埋植型自修复涂层可分为腐蚀抑制性和反应修复型。腐蚀抑制型是通过微胶囊释放缓蚀剂延缓基体的腐蚀过程，反应修复型则是通过微胶囊释放的修复剂实现对涂层损坏处的修补。本实验正是通过反应修复型的修复机理对基材表面产生的裂纹进行自修[12]
2.研究方案
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