1.前言
城市景观构成了城市整体印象的重要因素之一， 城市景观设计不仅源于地形，还由建筑物与生态共同构成。人类对城市景观的印象立足于城市人群的感官思维。因此，五感景观在景观设计中具有重要的意义。［28］在实际生活中如何形成更好的城市印象，让人群通过基础的五感来体验城市多样化的表现形式，其设计中需要思考的主要方向。近年来，中国城市景观设计进程相对较快，对视觉以外的感官享受开始关注，对现代园林景观设计有了 更多的需求。
随着景观的发展和人性化景观理念的深入,单纯的视觉享受已经不能满足人们对景观品质的需求,而是能通过视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉、味觉综合的感知环境。［29］但因发展较晚,综合性的多感官体验设计相关理论研究较少.［1］ 因此,本文主要针对综合的多感官的体验设计进行研究以满足人更全面、更深层次的感知周边环境的需求,获得全身心的体验。因此，如何更好地运用五感让人们获得全方位的景观享受，成为国内景观设计研究的趋势之一［2］。五感景观设计的可达性和运用，可以为人们提供一个非常全面立体的环境，在城市景观设计的发展进 程中具有很大的意义。将景观设计研究拓展到五感体验中，不仅能增设景观的丰富多样性，同时更满足不同类别人群的客观需求，增加了人们对五感景观 设计的好感度，形成良好的城市印象。［3］通过查阅文献、书籍,确定了研究主题及范围,结合理论、案例的分析,分别从视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉、味觉的体验特征进行研究,总结出多感官体验设计的手法和技巧,以实践结合理论的方式指导了保定市人民公园的设计实践。
关键词：广场改造 五感 景观设计 特殊需求
Urban landscape constitutes one of the important factors in the overall impression of the city. Urban landscape design not only originates from the terrain, but also consists of buildings and ecology. The human impression of the urban landscape is based on the sensory thinking of the urban population. Therefore, the five-sense landscape has important significance in landscape design. How to form a better impression of the city in real life, let the crowd experience the expression of urban diversity through the basic five senses, and the main direction of thinking in its design. In recent years, the process of urban landscape design in China has been relatively fast, and attention has been paid to sensory enjoyment beyond vision, and there is more demand for modern landscape design.
With the development of the landscape and the deepening of the concept of Humanized landscape, simple visual enjoyment can no longer meet people#39;s needs for landscape quality, but can be combined with visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory and taste perception environments. However, due to the late development, the comprehensive multi-sensory experience design related theory research is less. [1] Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on the comprehensive multi-sensory experience design to meet the needs of people#39;s more comprehensive and deeper perception of the surrounding environment, and to gain a whole-hearted experience. Therefore, how to make better use of the five senses to allow people to obtain all-round landscape enjoyment has become one of the trends of landscape design research in China. The accessibility and application of the five-sense landscape design can provide people with a very comprehensive three-dimensional environment, which has great significance in the development of urban landscape design. Expand the landscape design research into the five senses experience, not only can add the rich diversity of the landscape, but also meet the objective needs of different categories of people, increase people#39;s goodwill to the five senses landscape design, forming a good urban impression. [3] Through consulting literature and books, the subject and scope of the study were determined, and combined with theory and case analysis, the experience characteristics of vision, hearing, touch, smell, and taste were studied, respectively. This paper summarizes the techniques and techniques of multi-sensory experience design, and guides the design and practice of baoding people#39;s park by combining practice with theory.
Key words: special requirement of design of five senses landscape of square reconstruction
2. 国内五感景观设计现状与进程
当今，国内设计师对于五感景观设计的相关设计理念关注与研究尚刚起步，人们对除以视觉效果之外的四觉引起高度重视，但仍然缺少实践。［4］例如:俞孔坚提出了景观感知的概念，并侧重于人对景观的感知与评价，以及景观变化对人的感知需求 的改变［5］。此外，其他学者从五感的概念以及相关理 念等论述了五感在我国景观设计中的研究现状［6］和 在景观设计中的运用［7］。国内众多学者逐步地对五 感景观的各个方面进行了分析，有从五感与景观设计 的发展［1］与景观意境的塑造［8］进行分析，以及视觉景 观的全面性［9］等层面。尽管如此，这些仍然还只是理 论上的分析与探索。 五感景观建设不是独立的，而是要立足于中国现 代化进程，与城乡发展战略结合。湖北潘家湾新农村 自然村建设拟从“五觉”来实现乡愁作为一个独特的 设计思路实施，但是在现实中还需要考虑到现场地形 的限制和当地传统农业发展与经济模式［10］。这个事例也给了现代的研究者一个崭新的研究思路，在应用五感景观规划与方法的实践中考虑如何将“五感”设计与人们生活所在区域的四大功能更加和谐地结合。［11］
因此，基于现在五感设计研究大部分处于理论研究的现状下，如何更好地创造以人为本理念下五感景观设计实践是目前研究者着重发展的方向。［12］如何将五感景观设计这一概念具化到城市景观的规划设计中，更加深层次地加强人群与城市景观的近距离联 系，以更加人性化的设计满足各种人群需求，在更大层 面上加强人与环境的相互联系，是当前国内五感景观设计的一大主要课题。［13］
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