荆门市污水处理厂工艺设计综述
[摘要]城市生活污水是居民日常生活中排出的废水，主要来源于居住建筑和公共建筑。生活污水所含的污染物主要是有机物和病原微生物。存在于生活污水中的有机物极不稳定，细菌和病原体以生活污水中有机物为营养而大量繁殖，可导致传染病蔓延流行。因此，生活污水排放前必须进行处理。常规的二级处理工艺仅能有效去除COD、BOD5和SS，达不到对N 和P 的去除要求，因此，须采用同步脱氮除磷工艺。常用的同步脱氮除磷工艺主要有3 种：A2/O、氧化沟和SBR。其中A2/O因工艺流程比较简单，具有良好的脱氮除磷效果，并且运行费用比较低而成为我国主流的生活污水处理工艺。但不同地区在处理工艺的选择上常因地制宜，存在差别。
[关键词]城市生活污水，脱氮除磷工艺，发展进程
Summary of the design of JingMen sewage treatment plant
Abstract：Urban sewage is the waste water discharged from daily life of residents, mainly from residential buildings and public buildings. The pollutants contained in sewage are mainly organic matter and pathogenic microorganism. The organic matter existing in domestic sewage is extremely unstable. Bacteria and pathogens take the organic matter in domestic sewage as nutrition and multiply massively, which can lead to the spread of infectious diseases.Therefore, domestic sewage must be treated before discharge. Conventional secondary treatment technology can only effectively remove COD, BOD5 and SS, but cannot meet the removal requirements of N and P. Therefore, synchronous nitrogen and phosphorus removal technology should be adopted. There are three commonly used simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes: A2/O, oxidation ditch and SBR. Among them, A2/O has become the mainstream domestic sewage treatment technology in China due to its simple technological process, good nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect, and low operating cost. However, in different regions, the choice of treatment process is often adapted to local conditions, and there are differences.
Keywords: Urban sewage, process of phosphorus and nitrogen removal, development process.
1前言
水环境是构成环境的基本要素之一，是人与自然和谐相处的重要环节。水资源是人类赖以生存的宝贵资源，是社会发展的物质基础，其重要性是无可替代的。一切生命活动都离不开水环境，人类的生存需要水环境，现代工业的发展也需要水环境的支持。当今水问题存在着水资源、水灾害、水环境和水生态等方面并存的综合性问题。我国目前面临着资源型缺水和水质型缺水的双重压力，保护水环境已成为我国的当务之急。
水资源问题是我国可持续发展的重要课题，目前我国的发展虽取得了较为瞩目的成就，但背后的水资源问题也异常严峻，水环境保护任重道远。近年来为缓解水资源压力，我国新建了多座污水处理厂，并对大量的已建污水处理厂进行升级改造，污水处理比例与处理程度也随之提高。
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