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1.1 The current development status of the framework structureFrame means giving shape and support to a structure by bringing together components in a building. Hence, a framed structure is one that contains a set of beam, column, and slab to resist gravity and other lateral loads. These structures are generally used to cope with large forces, and the moments develop due to the applied loading. Frames are generally used in construction and consist of beams and columns that are either fixed or attached firmly, such as trusses. Frame structure two or three dimensions. Frames can be any materials such as RC Frame, steel, wood etc. In the case of a framed structure, the loads of floors, roofs, and panel walls are supported by beam that ultimately transfer these loads to the columns. In a framed structure, the load path is from slab to beam, from beam to column and from column to base to the ground. In this structure, the vertical members, columns, carry the entire load of the building, so its the most important part of this type of construction. [1] Frame structures are the most common type of modern building in the world. It features large size and flexible space design. Frame structures include reinforced concrete frames and steel frames, and reinforced concrete structures are commonly used in residential buildings. The different benefits of the frame structure have been completely reflected. [2] The frame structure constructions are nowadays very popular owing to their advantages over conventional Concrete and Steel constructions. Concrete structures are bulky and impart more seismic weight and less deflection whereas Steel structures instruct more deflections and ductility to the structure, which is beneficial in resisting earthquake forces. Composite Construction combines the better properties of both steel and concrete along with lesser cost, speedy construction, fire protection etc. Hence the aim of the present study is to compare seismic performance of RC Frame, Steel and Composite building frame situated in earthquake zone. All frames are designed for same gravity loadings. The RC frame slab is used in all three cases. Beam and column sections are made of either RC frame, Steel or steel concrete composite sections. Equivalent static method and Response Spectrum method are used for seismic analysis. [3] [4] [6]The frame structure consists of beam members and Column connected by nodes. According to different construction methods, the frame structure can be divided into three types: Cast-in-place, assembly and integral assembly. In the seismic zone, beam-and-column pre-casting schemes are often used for on-site cast-in-place or beam-column cast-in-place and slab pre-casting schemes; in non-seismic areas, beam, column and slab pre-cast schemes can sometimes be used. The method of connecting the frame structure is usually hinged or rigid. The beam and the column are connected to bear the external and internal forces, such as horizontal load, vertical load, and seismic load. [7]1.2 Factors and scope of selection of framework structure system(1) Consider factors like structure tallness and aspect proportion, seismic stronghold class, seismic fortress power, and site conditions. (2) The frame structure system is an optional structure system between the masonry structure and the frame-shear wall structure. The design of the frame structure should conform to the principles of safety and application, advanced technology, economical rationality, and ease of construction (structural design principles).(3) Non-seismic design for multi-story and high-rise buildings. In seismic design, multi-story and small high-rise buildings are generally used for frame structures. (4) Due to the poor lateral stiffness of the frame structure, it is not appropriate to design a high frame structure in the seismic area. Bangladesh was mapped dividing into three generalized seismic zones in BNBC 1993. The seismic zoning map is revised in the proposed BNBC 2010 with provisions for four seismic zones with different level of ground motion. Each zone has a seismic zone coefficient (Z) which represents the maximum considered peak ground acceleration (PGA) on very stiff soil/rock (site class SA) in units of g (acceleration due to gravity) The northeastern folded regions of Bangladesh are the most active zones and has a maximum PGA value of 0.36 g. [8]
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