目的论视域下《红楼梦》食谱翻译的比较研究文献综述

 2021-10-23 20:17:15

毕业论文课题相关文献综述

1. Introduction1.1 Research backgroundIn the history of Chinese and western translation, the argument of domestication and foreignization, as well as the formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence widely discussed in the field of translation in the past two or three decades, have been well explained by the Skopos theory. Whether domestication or foreignization is adopted in translation depends on the purpose of translation. Any translation activity is a purposeful behavior.The Skopos theory is one of the most influential translation theories in Germany. Hans Vermeer put forward the Skopos theory, which emancipates translation research from the shackles of the original text-centered theory. According to this theory, translation is a purposeful and productive act based on the original text and consequently must be completed through negotiation. Translation must follow a series of rules, of which the rule of purpose is the first. In other words, translation depends on the purpose of the translation. In addition, translation should follow the principles of intralingual coherence and interlingual coherence. The former refers to the internal coherence of the translation, which is understandable to the recipient, while the latter refers to the coherence between the translation and the original. After these three principles are put forward, the criterion of translation is no longer equivalence, but the adequacy of the translation to achieve the expected goal. Vermeer also proposed the concept of translation Commission, that is, the translator should decide whether, when and how to complete the translation task. In other words, translators should adopt corresponding translation strategies according to different translation purposes, and have the right to decide which content of the original can be retained and which needs to be adjusted or modified according to the translation purposes. Fermi believes that the highest rule in translation should be the rule of purpose. That is to say, the strategies and methods adopted in translation are different with different purposes. In other words, the purpose of translation determines the strategies and methods of translation. 1.2 Need of the studyChina is great nation with more than 5000 years history, during which Chinese dietetic culture has formed a unique one in the world. Chinese dietetic culture is considered as a jewel in the treasure of Chinese culture. Beside those famous dietetic books in the history of China, there are lots of classic literature works containing many descriptions about Chinese dietetic activities. A Dream of Red Mansions, by Cao Xueqin Gao E in the middle of the 1700s, described the practical life of a big feudal aristocratic family. As one of the masterpieces in the world literature, it is regarded as the Encyclopedia of Chinese Traditional Culture. In this book, through the detailed portrayal of lots of splendid dietetic activities of the feudal aristocratic family, Cao Xueqin not only presented us a magnificent menu, but also showed us a dietetic culture system of the Red Mansions.With the rapid development of the economic globalization and Chinas reform and opening up, more and more Chinese dietetic culture has been introduced to foreign countries, so the translation of dietetic culture will play an important role in the cross-cultural communication. At present, Chinese menu translation is in disorder and at the will of anyone who does it, so it is quite necessary to make a study of how to translate Chinese menu. There are two English translations of A Dream of Red Mansions in the world, one is Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yangs (1978) version and the other is David Hawkes (1973, 1978, 1980) version. From the perspective of the Skopos theory, this paper compares and analyzes the translation of recipes in the above two versions of A Dream of Red Mansions.1.3 Research purposesDietetic culture belongs to one of branches of a nations culture, so the menu translation should be regarded as a kind of cross-cultural translation. Because the dietetic culture is deeply rooted in peoples daily life, an equivalent translation of menu will play a very important role to arouse the common response to the images of diet in the receptors mind with the original readers mind. In A Dream of Red Mansions, there are many profound descriptions of Chinas food culture, which fully demonstrates Chinas long history of food culture. Based on two English versions of A Dream of Red Mansions by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang (1978) as well as David Hawkes (1973, 1978, 1980), this paper makes a contrastive analysis of the translation of recipes and diet related knowledge from the perspective of Skopos theory, in order to provide valuable references for the translation of Chinese diet culture. The ultimate goal and main function of the translation of recipes in A Dream of Red Mansions is to help people understand the main contents of recipes in the novel and stimulate the audiences desire to read. Therefore, in our translation work, the Skopos theory will be used to translate articles. 1.4 Organization of the thesis This paper is divided into five chapters.The first chapter is the introduction. This part mainly introduces the background, purpose and significance of the research.The second chapter elaborates on the origin and development of the Skopos Theory of translation, including its development and principle.The third chapter discusses the relationship between recipes and Chinese food culture in A Dream of Red Mansions. This part includes the specific description and characteristics of diet in the novel, as well as the current translation results.The fourth chapter, based on the Skopos theory of translation, this paper makes a comparative analysis of Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yangs (1978) and Hawkess (1973, 1978, 1980) translations of A Dream of Red Mansions by focusing on the rendering of recipes.The conclusion summarizes the major findings, points out the limitations of the present study and discusses the implication for future research.2.Literature review2.1Origin of the Skopos TheoryGerman functional translation theory originated in the 1970s. In 1971, Katharina Reiss, its founder, pointed out in the book the possibility and limitation of translation criticism that the main function of the original determines the method of translation, and proposed that the text function should be regarded as one of the criteria of translation criticism. Since then, Reisss student, Hans Vermeer, has established the Skopos Theory of translation. In Vermeers view, translation is ultimately determined by the purpose of translation, and each text is produced for the purpose and should serve that purpose. Therefore, in the process of translation, the translator can selectively translate from the multi-source information provided by the original according to the requirements of multiple participants, such as the initiator, the client, the original author, etc., in combination with the purpose of translation and the situation of the target readers. The main principle of Skopos theory is the Skopos law, which determines the choice of translation strategies in a specific text. Using this strategy, the target text can be fully achieved in terms of function and translation purpose. Functional Skopos theory interprets translation activities with the function and purpose of translation as the core, and puts forward a more feasible translation program, which will undoubtedly lead to new thinking in literary translation.2.2 Prescriptive Linguistic Approach PhaseChristina Nord comprehensively summarizes and perfects the Skopos Theory of translation. For the first time, Nord has described in English the internal and external factors that need to be considered in the text analysis in translation, and how to formulate translation strategies based on the functions of the original text. She combed the Skopos theories and proposed that translators should follow the guiding principle of function plus loyalty, thus improving the Skopos theory.2.3 Vermeers Skopos Theory of translationSkopostheorie is a translation theory put forward by Hans Vermeer, a German scholar in the 1970s. According to Vermeer, translation research can not only rely on linguistics. There are two main reasons for this: first, translation is not only or not mainly a linguistic process; second, linguistics has not yet raised the issue of translation difficulties. Therefore, he puts forward Skopos Theory of translation on the basis of action theory. Its core concept is that the main factor in the process of translation is the purpose of the whole translation. Vermeer takes translation studies out of the shackles of the source centered theory and holds that translation must follow a series of rules. Among them, the law of purpose is in the first place. That is to say, any act of translation is determined by the purpose of translation. That is, the purpose of translation determines the means of translation. The central idea of the Skopos theory of translation is that every action has a purpose. The actor chooses the most appropriate way to achieve the expected goal according to the actual environment; since translation is also an action, the translator will also be guided by the translation purpose. Try to consider all possible relevant factors. So as to determine the most appropriate way of action; based on this description of the actual situation. It can be concluded that the purpose of action determines the strategy to achieve the desired goal. In other words, the target text should perform its intended function to the intended addressee. According to Skopos theory, the first rule followed by all translation is Skopos rule: the purpose of translation determines the whole process of translation, that is, the result determines the method. There are three explanations for this purpose: the purpose of the translator (such as making money); the communicative purpose of the translation (such as enlightening the readers) and the purpose of using a special translation method (such as literal translation according to its structure in order to explain the particularity of the grammatical structure in a language). In general, purpose refers to the communicative purpose of the translation. The Skopos theory holds that the initiator of the translation process determines the communicative purpose of the translation, and the initiator needs the translation for a special reason. In an ideal situation, he will give the reasons for the need of the translation, the recipient of the translation, the environment in which the translation is used, the functions that the translation should have and the details related to the reasons, all of which constitute the translation requirements. Translation requires the translator to know what kind of translation is needed, and the translator is not passive in accepting everything. He can participate in determining the purpose of the translation. Especially when the initiator is not clear about the purpose of the translation due to lack of professional knowledge or other reasons, the translator can negotiate with the initiator to get the purpose of the translation from the special translation situation. According to Vermeer, it is not the original but the purpose of translation that determines the translation.ReferencesCao Xueqin, Gao E. (1978). A Dream of Red Mansions. Yang Xianyi 《红楼梦》中文学表达的特色之媒，硕士学位论文。

山东：曲阜师范大学。

周华北（2010），跨文化交际视域里的《红楼梦》中的食谱翻译研究，硕士学位论文。

广西：广西师范大学。

谢萌（2008），《红楼梦》中的饮食文化翻译，硕士学位论文。

山东：鲁东大学.丁媛（2017），从功能对等理论看《红楼梦》饮食词语的翻译，硕士学位论文。

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王亚南、张凌（2017），功能对等理论视角下《红楼梦》英译研究以霍克斯英译版为例，《齐齐哈尔师范高等专科学校学报》，(03)：51-53。

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周茜（2014），试论国学名著《红楼梦》海外英译本的翻译特色，《陕西教育（高教版）》，(04)：13-14。

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