生态翻译学视域下《长恨歌》修辞英译的比较研究文献综述

 2021-10-23 20:17:20

毕业论文课题相关文献综述

1. Introduction1.1 Research backgroundIn the history of over five thousand years, the Chinese have made remarkable progress in its cultural construction, and Chinese culture is a pearl standing in the east of the world. As the most representative part of ancient Chinese culture, poetry not only condenses the wisdom of our ancestors, but also plays an immeasurable role in the development and prosperity of modern Chinese culture. In the cultural exchange between China and foreign countries, the English translation of ancient poems is an essential link. Changhen Ge (lit. The Everlasting Regret Song) is a long narrative poem written by Bai Juyi, a great realistic poet of Tang Dynasty. The poem, rich in its cultural connotation, has a wide influence in the history of Chinese literature and has been translated into English by many translators and sinologists. In the field of translatology and contrastive linguistics, there have been many studies on the English translation of the poem. Although The Everlasting Regret Song is a narrative poem in the style of Han Yue fu poem, the author also uses a lot of romantic techniques to depict the deep-rooted love between Emperor Xuanzong and his concubine Yang Yuhuan and their sadness of the separation between life and death. The poem uses a series of rhetorical devices, such as metaphor, metonymy, allusion, contrast, antithesis and exaggeration. For example:Metaphor: 在天愿做比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝 Metonymy: 宛转蛾眉马前死Allusion: 汉皇重色思倾国Contrast： 回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色Antithesis: 行宫见月伤心色，夜雨闻铃肠断声Exaggeration: 骊宫高处入青云There are many famous translators who study and translate this narrative poem. Among them, the translations of Xu Yuanzhong (2007), Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang (2003), Herbert Allen Giles (1901), W. J. B. Fletcher (1935), Witter Bynner (1929) as well as Rewi Alley (1983) are widely spread and studied. These versions include prose and poetic style, which are representative versions at home and abroad. However, there are many differences among these versions, especially these different treatments of images and rhetoric by English and Chinese translators. Therefore, this paper chooses four English versions of Xu Yuanzhong (2007), Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang (2003), Herbert Allen Giles (1901), W. J. B. Fletcher (1935), including two versions of domestic translators, two versions of foreign translators. Xu Yuanzhong's version and W. J. B. Fletcher's version are poetic style. Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang's version and Herbert Allen Giles's version are prose. As an ecological approach or an ecological perspective, Eco-translatology involves at least two subjects, ecology and translatology. Therefore, it belongs to an interdisciplinary research field. Eco-translatology focuses on the integrity of translation ecology, interprets translation process from the perspective of translation ecological environment, describes the relationship between translators and translation ecological environment, and focuses on translators' living conditions and development of translation ability (Hu 2008: 13). First of all, as can be seen from the definition alone, Eco-translatology focuses on the keywords of ecology, ecological environment and aims to introduce a new interdisciplinary approach to the study of translation. Secondly, from a content point of view, Eco-translatology advocates translator centeredness, based on the ecological construction of translation theory and the translation environment in the whole ecosystem, and makes a new description and explanation of translation ontology activities from the perspective of the translator. Thirdly, from a grammatical perspective, translatology is the core word of "ecological translatology", and ecology is the modifier, which can be understood as the exploration of translation phenomenon from the perspective of ecology. It belongs to the category of translatology together with linguistic translatology, cultural translatology, cognitive translatology and social translatology. From the standpoint of translatology, Eco-translatology is suitable to be a branch of translatology and indeed a new direction of translation studies. This new perspective and dimension are of great practical significance to further grasp the whole process of translation and make more flexible and targeted use of translation strategies. In the previous translation of The Everlasting Regret Song, translators have unconsciously applied the theory of Eco-translatology, for example, adding the subjective understanding and analysis of translators to the translation of The Everlasting Regret Song by adding comments, which embodies the theory of "translator-centeredness" in Eco-translatology, just no previous researchers have summarized and refined this theory. This thesis attempts to run the theory of Eco-translatology through the study of rhetorical English translation of The Everlasting Regret Song, and to find out the specific working ways of Eco-translatology in translating The Everlasting Regret Song, and to summarize the rules.This thesis from the perspective of Eco-translatology makes a comparative study of the translation of rhetorical figures in the English version of The Everlasting Regret Song by Xu Yuanzhong (2007), Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang (2003), Herbert Allen Giles (1901), W. J.B. Fletcher (1935), This study will expand new space for the comparison of its English translation and bring new research content.2.Literature review2.1 The theoretical framework of Eco-translatology As a new theory of translation, Eco-translatology made its appearance in 2001 and was developed in 2009 (Hu, 2016). The development of Eco-translatology is a gradual process, which also reflects the latest requirements of modern translatology. Eco-translatology is a comprehensive science that integrates ecology and translatology. Its ideological connotation not only embodies the theoretical requirements of ecology, but also represents translatology in a new era. Since the emergence of Eco-translatology, it has been widely concerned, and its theoretical connotation and practical application value have also been greatly developed (Hu, 2016). All in all, Eco-translatology provides a new theoretical perspective for the development of translatology.2.1.1 The development background of Eco-translatology The emergence of Eco-translatology is the result of many factors. First of all, it is the concrete embodiment of the transformation of social civilization in translatology. From the 1960s, human society began to transform from industrial civilization to ecological civilization (Carson, 1962). More and more regions and countries begin to pay attention to ecological problems, and pay more and more attention to the relationship between environmental integrity and development. People also pay more attention to scientific development concept and sustainable development policy. In this context, the ecological dimension has been increasingly introduced into the field of social science research including translatology.Secondly, the emergence of Eco-translatology is the inevitable result of the transformation of modern philosophy. Since the 20th century, there has been a gradual transformation from the dichotomy of subject and object to intersubjectivity and from the center to the whole concept in the field of philosophy and thought. From the 1960s, Jacques Derrida (1967), a French philosopher, put forward the concept of center, which he elaborated as follows: both inside and outside the structure, center is also non center. In the 1970s, the Norwegian ecological philosopher Arne Naess (1973) put forward the theory of Deep Ecology, from which he gradually introduced ecology into the field of philosophy and ethics, and put forward the important ecological philosophy theories of ecological self, ecological equality and ecological harmonious development. Later American philosopher David Griffin and others developed his theory. It can be seen that what modern philosophy is facing is an important turn from epistemology to ontology, from the view of human center to the view of ecological integrity. Due to the existence of this philosophical turn, it opens up the perspective and thinking of translation studies from the perspective of "translation ecology", and thus the study of Eco-translatology comes into being (Hu, 2008).2.1.2 The development and application of Eco-translatology In recent years, in the field of Humanities and Social Sciences, the term ecology has been transferred to the collection of natural health, balance and harmonious coexistence. Ecology is a science based on holism, and its research methods emphasize the integrity of correlation and interaction (Krohne, 2001). Translatology is a discipline that studies the law and art of translation (Wang, 2001). As a part of translatology, translation theory is the rational understanding and highly abstract of a series of translation knowledge, such as translation essence, principle, process, method and standard. Based on the basic principles of biological evolution, such as natural selection and survival of the fittest, and on the classical wisdom of "harmony between man and nature" and "moderation" in ancient Chinese philosophy, the translation theory of translation as adaptation and selection has been put forward in recent years (Hu, 2004). From a comprehensive perspective, Eco-translatology is not only a metaphor, but also a substantive. The so-called metaphor refers to the holistic study of the metaphorical analogy between translation ecology and natural ecology; the so-called substantive refers to the study of the relationship between the translator and the translation ecological environment, especially the study of the translator's living conditions and ability development in the translation ecology. In other words, Eco-translatology focuses on the integrity of the translation ecosystem. From the perspective of Eco-translatology, it makes a new description and explanation of the nature, process, standard, principle and method of translation as well as translation phenomena in the narrative way of Eco-translatology (Hu, 2008).On the basis of the above theoretical research, the application research with the nature of Eco-translatology has been carried out in different regions and fields. In the aspect of literary translation, Zhai Hongmei (2005) studies that Lin Yutangs English translation of Six Chapters of a Floating Life and his translation strategy are the result of the translators choice and adaptation to his translation environment. Wu Yuanqing and Li Jieping (2006), based on the theory of translation as adaptation and selection, expound and exemplify the leading role of translators in the translation of Hemingways Cat in the Rain. In the field of philosophy and Social Sciences translation, Jiao Yang (2006) makes a study of Yan Fus translation of Evolution and Ethics and other Essays written by Thomas Henry Huxley from the perspective of translation as adaptation and selection. Jiao Weihong (2007) takes the theory of translation as adaptation and selection as his theoretical tool to explore and interpret Yan Fus translation and his faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance from a new perspective. In the study of business and law translation, Li Changjiangs (2005) research points out that translators should respect the characteristics of foreign notarial certificate translation and improve the integration, adaptation and selection of the original and the translation. Wang Xuemei (2006) discusses the translation of advertising language from the perspective of translation principles and translation methods.2.1.3 The theoretical introduction of Eco-translatologyOn the one hand, the traditional translation view holds that translation has no creativity and cannot be compared with creation. On the other hand, it opposes to advocate the translator's subjectivity and creativity, and requires the translator to worship the original author and be completely faithful to the original text. Venuti (1994) thinks that translators should keep their invisibility in translation. The more invisible the translator is, the smoother the translation will be, and the meaning of the original author and the original text will be more visible. From the perspective of Eco-translatology, Hu Gengshen (2004) uses the expression of translators central position and leading role. He defines translation as the choice activity of the translator to adapt to the translation ecological environment, so the translation process is a cyclic process with the translator as the center and the translators adaptation and translators choice alternately. The translation process should be divided into two stages: preparation stage and practice stage. The central position of the translator in the preparation stage is reflected in the influence of the translators translation purpose and quality on the translation. In the practical stage, the central position of the translator lies in the choice of translation strategies, so as to realize the choice and adaptation to the ecological environment of translation.To sum up, Eco-translatology is based on the theory of translation as adaption and selection and later further developed it. It consists of three core concepts: translator-centeredness, adaptive selection and selective adaption and translational eco-environment.Translator-centeredness: "translator-centeredness" highlights the central position and leading role of the translator in the process of translation. It is a translation theory that takes the translator point of view to make a new description and interpretation of translation activities, highlights the translator's subject, develops the translator's ability and takes the translator as the ultimate concern.Adaptive selection and selective adaption: adaptive selection refers to selection in adaptation, and selective adaptation refers to adaptation in selection. It includes two specific features: one is "adaptation"-the translator's adaptation to the translation ecological environment; the other is "selection" - the translator carries out the selection of the translation as the "identity" of the translation ecological environment.Translational eco-environment: the translational eco-environment is a collection of factors that restrict the translators best choice. That is, the world presented by the original text, the original language and the target language, including language, communication, culture, society, as well as the author, readers, clients and so on.At the same time, the theory holds that the essence of translation is the selection of translators to adapt to the ecological environment of translation, and the translation process is a cyclic process in which the translator adapts and the translator selects alternately. The translation principle of selective adaptation and adaptive selection should be followed. In terms of translation methods, the three-dimensional transformation should be emphasized, that is, the adaptive selection of language, culture and communication. Hu Gengshen (2011) also summed up six ecological rational features of Eco-translatology, namely, paying attention to overall relevance, emphasizing dynamic balance, embodying ecological aesthetics, caring for "translation community", revealing translation ethics and advocating diversity and unity. The concept of ecological environment in translation has promoted the breadth and depth of translation studies.2.2 Different versions of The Everlasting Regret SongThe Everlasting Regret Song has been translated into many languages and spread all over the world. It has been translated into English more than once. Different English versions of The Everlasting Regret Song are quite different.Herbert A Giles (1901): The everlasting wrong (prose style)Rewi Alley (1983): Abiding remorse (prose style)W. J. B. Fletcher (1935): The ballad of the endless woe (poetic style)Witter Bynner (1929): A song of unending sorrow (prose style)Xu Yuanzhong (2007): The everlasting regret (poetic style)Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang (2003): song of eternal sorrow (prose style)Xu Yuanzhongs English version of The Everlasting Regret Song is considered to be the most successful one. In 1984, Xu Yuanzhong created his own version of The Everlasting Regret Song by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the four versions of A. Giles, W. J. B. Fletcher, Witter Bynner and Innes Herden. Based on the Three Beauties principle, he made a comparative study in the aspects of sense, sound and form. His version keeps the original beauty in sense, sound and form.Yang Xianyi, a Chinese translator, is famous for translating many ancient and modern Chinese classics into English, including Dream of the Red Chamber. He also translated The Everlasting Regret Song with his wife, Gladys Yang. In translating The Everlasting Regret Song, they adopted the strategy of free translation. That is to say, they pay little attention to the original beauty in form, only pay attention to the spirit or meaning rather than the appearance. Their translation style is free poetry. Although Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang worked hard to be loyal to the original work, they tried to convey the basic meaning of the original work with common words easy to understand by the target language readers. They ignored the uniqueness of poetry. As we all know, strict and complete rules and forms are the unique artistic features of Tang poetry. In order to inherit the unique culture of the Chinese nation, translators should try to keep the original meaning and form, especially in the translation of Chinese classical poetry. If Gladys yangs translation strategy is followed, English readers will not appreciate the beauty of the Chinese translation.Herbert A Giles is a British Sinologist. He is the author of Confucius, Laozi, Zhuangzi and other translated works, and has published the first Chinese English dictionary. As early as the end of the 19th century, Giles translated some Tang Poems into metrical poems. Giless translation combines rhyme and literalness with wonderful dexterity (Waley, 1918:12). Giless English version of The Everlasting Regret Song is a plain one. His version uses subtitles to remind readers of the development of the story. The eight subtitles, Ennui, Beauty, Revelry, Flight, Exile, Return, Home, and Spirit-Land, make the readers clear at a glance.William John Bainbridge Fletcher, an early diplomat of Sinologists in the British Embassy, showed great interest in Chinese poetry. In 1918, he published the book Gems of Chinese Verse, which is the first English version of the fragments of Tang poetry and has a profound impact on the translation of Chinese classical poetry. The English version of The Everlasting Regret Song is included in this book.Fletcher and Giles tried to understand Chinese culture and spread Chinese classical poetry to other countries. To some extent, they all succeeded in realizing the artistic conception of Chinese classical poetry. Because of the target language, their translations are more easily accepted by English readers. They are all representatives of the metrical verse scholar, paying special attention to the beauty of phonology, that is, the beauty of meter and rhyme. In this sense, they succeeded in maintaining the original sound and formal beauty. However, due to their incomplete understanding of Chinese culture, especially mistranslation of some allusions, mistranslation of some words and allusions still exists.In addition to the above scholars, there are many other scholars who have translated this famous poem, such as Witter Alley (1983), Witter Bynner (1929), Arthur Waley (1918) Innes Herdan (1973) and so on.Some scholars have made a comparative analysis of different versions of The Everlasting Regret Song. For example, Zhao Juan (2014) published the analysis of the images of Lotus and pear flower in the poem Song of Everlasting sorrow. Xie Bin (2018) researched metaphor translation in The Everlasting Regret Song from the perspective of conceptual metaphor theory. However, no one has ever made comparative study on the rhetorical translation of The Everlasting Regret Song from the perspective of Eco-translatology.ReferencesCarson, R. (1962). Silent spring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.Hu, G. S. (2003). Translation as adaptation and selection. Perspectives: Studies in translatology, 11,283-291.Hu, G. S. (2004). Translator-centeredness. Perspectives: Studies in translatology, 12, 106-117.Krohne, T. D. (2001). General ecology. Brooks Cole: Thomson Learning.Naess, A. (1973). The shallow and the deep, long-range ecology movement: A summary. Inquiry, 16, 95-100.Venuti, L. (1994). The translators invisibility: A history of translation.London: Routledge.Waley, A. (1941). Translation from the Chinese. New York: Alfred A. Knoppf.邓亚丹（2016），白居易《长恨歌》的四种英译本对比研究，硕士学位论文。

湖南长沙：湖南农业大学。

胡庚申（2004），《翻译适应选择论》。

武汉：湖北教育出版社。

胡庚申（2008），生态翻译学解读，《中国翻译》，6：11-15。

胡庚申（2011）生态翻译学：生态理性特征及其对翻译研究的启示，《中国外语》，8（6）：96-99。

胡庚申（2016），贯中西、适者存：生态翻译学的兴起与国际化胡庚申教授访谈录，《中国外语》，13（5）：92-97。

焦卫红（2007），严复信达雅新解以《天演论》汉译为例，《澳门理工学报》，2：106-115。

焦飏（2006），从翻译适应选择论看严复《天演论》的翻译，《成都教育学院学报》，12：157-160。

王雪梅（2006），从翻译适应选择论翻译原则和方法看广告语的翻译，国际翻译与跨学科研究学术会议论文，2006年5月，上海。

剩余内容已隐藏，您需要先支付 10元 才能查看该篇文章全部内容！立即支付

以上是毕业论文文献综述，课题毕业论文、任务书、外文翻译、程序设计、图纸设计等资料可联系客服协助查找。

您可能感兴趣的文章