A Survey and Analysis on Undergraduates’ Expectations of the Role of Foreign Language Teachers 本科生对外籍语言教师的角色期待调查与分析文献综述

 2021-10-23 20:20:02

毕业论文课题相关文献综述

1.Introduction1.1 Research backgroundIn the education field, teachers play a very important role. The emergence of the wise school in ancient Greece marked that teaching became a specialized profession in the world. The most notable features of teacher profession lies in the diversification of professional roles. There are many kinds of roles of teachers. With time passing by, the role of teachers has changed a lot. In ancient china, the famous litterateur Han Yu said, teachers, so preach and solve puzzles. In the traditional educational value, teacher is the leader and the authority in the class. However, with the development of science and technology, teachers are not the only owner and provider of knowledge any longer; instead teachers become the organizer of the class and the guide of students learning. Recently, teachers role has been attracting much attention in research field, for example, Hua (2001) pointed that the role of teacher has gradually changed from the traditional role of knowledge initiator, controller, authority and so on toward the role of guide, information provider, consultant, organizer, managers, evaluators, teaching material writers and other multiple integration roles. And in 2017, International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) issued the ISTE standards for educators. The standards defined teachers seven roles, which includes learner, designer, citizen, collaborator, leader, analyst and facilitator. We can see that the role of teacher has been discussed all the time, because the change of the society and the emergence of Internet and other new technology all have impact on the role teachers play.In China, we know that the number of foreign language teachers is increasing, more and more foreign language teachers are coming to universities in China, especially in school of foreign languages. Nowadays, most schools of languages have foreign language teachers. As a special group of teachers, foreign language teachers have different background and teaching styles. While as native speakers, they play a special and important role in language teaching. Students can learn from foreign language teachers a lot of knowledges, not only languages but also the culture and many other things. Though foreign language teachers take a very important place in undergraduates education, there are not enough researches about the role of foreign language teachers, so its necessary to do more investigations about the role of foreign language teacher.There are many previous researches about the role of language teachers. Most of these researches are based on a typical background. Some studies focused on English teachers, such as elementary and middle school English teachers or college English teachers. Whats more, most of the previous of researches are on other side, rather than from the perspective of students and their expectations. In the context of modern student-centered teaching concept, we should pay more attention to the relationship between teachers and students from the perspective of students. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study students expectations on the role of foreign language teachers.1.2 Research purposesIn this study, we aim to research and analyze the students expectations on the role of foreign language teacher. Students can have the chance to express their own needs and real thoughts. The research result can be used for foreign language teachers to understand the needs and expectation of students and can guide them to practice their teaching methods in effective ways. In this way, foreign language teachers and students in school of languages can benefit a lot. The teaching quality of class can also be improved a lot. On the other hand, we can also find the differences of expectations that different kinds of students have, such as the different expectations between students gender, major, grade and so on, then we can compare the results and get the conclusion.2.Literature review2.1DefinitionThere is no certain definition of the teachers role. In this paper, according to Pan (2016), the roles that foreign teachers play in the learning process are mainly divided into 10 categories, which are described as follows: Designer mainly refers to the role of the designer in teaching curriculum and teaching methods before the course, students also need to comply with the teachers design of the curriculum, in a more passive situation.Imparter: is one of the most traditional roles that teachers play because imparting is a teachers most basic job. Teachers are the owners of knowledge in the classroom. It is a teachers initiative to impart knowledge to students. Manager: refers to the supervision and management of students classroom learning activities to ensure that students can follow the rules which school and teacher regulations, attendance and completion of classes.Evaluator: refers to the teachers evaluation of students learning performance, such as passing examinations, examinations and examinations in the middle or at the end of a semester, students are evaluated on the effectiveness of learning a certain course by means of homework feedback to students in certain forms such as grades and credits.Facilitator : refers to the teacher who helps students determine learning goals and choose learning tools according to students' expectations. It refers to the teacher who gives students appropriate help in their learning process. Students have problems and doubts in their learning process can ask teachers, and teachers help students to solve the problem.Resource provider: refers to the role of teachers as providers of learning resources. Students learn by themselves, and teachers no longer formulate teaching materials. Students choose learning materials according to their own expectations and habits, including books, newspapers, magazines, audio-visual and network resources. The role of resource provider means that teachers can recommend or provide students with required learning resources.Supporter : refers to the teacher should be a supporter of the students emotion, teacher should find out all kinds of psychological problems that students face in the learning process, and give them encouragement and support, thus can help them build confidenceCreator: refers to the teachers responsibility for creating a relaxed, happy, and democratic classroom-learning environment. Teachers actively innovate classroom teaching methods to let students participate in the fun of teaching.Participant: refers to the teacher participating in students independent learning process, sitting on an equal footing with students, studying together with students as friends and classmates, discussing problems, and becoming students learning partners.Helper: refers to the teacher in the students' learning process to give students appropriate help. When students meet problems and doubts in the process of learning can ask teachers, and teachers will help students to solve the problem.2.2 Related researches2.2.1 Researches under different perspectivesNowadays, researches about the role of teachers are vary from different people. Generally speaking, we can divide the related researches into these 4 perspectives.From the perspective of teachers role with society, Nunan (1993) pointed out that teachers roles meant the social and interpersonal responsibility assumed by teachers as class participants and the part teachers play in fulfilling learning tasks in education. Zhou (2001) believed that the social role of university teachers is the unity of researchers, educators and knowledge sub-members.Under the background of the Internet and other new technological conditions, some scholars have made relevant researches. They have analyzed the possibility and necessity of changing the roles of teachers in universities, Nie(2004) proposed four kinds of teacher roles, namely, instructor and facilitator, creator, collaborator and learner. Tan thought that that teachers should actively learn new technologies in the context of the Internet, and strive to realize the transformation from a leader in teaching to a leader and innovator.From the perspective of students, Ma（2018）found that students had the highest expectations for the moral aspect of teacher roles, followed by instructional aspect, and the interpersonal aspect ranked the third place. Also in the another study of Zhu (2016), she got the conclusion that students saw the teachers role as no longer the sole authority in the classroom, but as a friend who could discuss knowledge and give them freedom.From the perspective of different learning modes, Zhu (2016) proposed that the role of teachers should be "director" under the learning mode of flipped classroom, whose connotation is that teachers should be like a coach, confidant, capable worker and scholar. Du (2012) argued teachers role under the mode of research-based learning should be redefined as the forerunner, participant, instructor, organizer and learner of the study. Thus it can be seen that university teachers have transformed the roles of researcher, creator, instructor and learner from the original educators2.2.2 Researches of language teachers roleResearches on the role of teachers are not only based on different perspectives andbackground, but also based on specific roles of teachers, such as language teachers He (2003) pointed that in the process of language teaching study, teachers should change their thoughts. They should become the director behind the scenes rather than the leading actor on the stage. Teachers should act as the helper and mentor of English learning, arouse students interest, maintain their learning motivation, create conditions to help students construct meaning, organize and guide cooperative learning.Gardner and Miller (2003) had the view that language teachers should also be instructors, evaluators, course evaluators, material developers, managers, organizers and so on.2.3 Problems in the previous studiesThese previous studies mainly focused from the perspective of teachers role with society, Internet background, different learning modes and from perspective of students. Compare to other perspectives, the number of studies on students view is small. More importantly, there are a little detailed researches and explanations on the ideal teacher in students expectations.Whats more, all the given researches are based on the role of teacher, among which the number of studies on the role of language teachers is large. However, there are a little studies which are based on the role of foreign language teachers. Thus, it is necessary to make a research to understand and analyze the role of foreign language teachers. Therefore, this paper hopes to carry out further investigation and supplement on the students expectations about the foreign language teachers role.ReferencesCorbin, C. M., Alamos, P., Lowenstein, A. (2019). The role of teacher-student relationship in predicting teachers personal accomplishment and emotional exhaustion. Journal of school psychology, 77(4), 1-12.Cotterall, L.S. (1995). Readiness for autonomy: Investigating learner beliefs. System, 23(2), 195-205.David, P. (1983). The teachers role in school improvement. Educational leadership, 41(3), 6-9.Gardner, D. Miller, L. (2003). Establishing self-access: From theory to practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Hamer, J. (1983). The practice of English language teaching. Longman Group PressJia, H. L. (2017). Shift of English teachers role in school-based blended learning collegeEnglish course. Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Education, E-learning and Management Technology, Xian, Shanxi.Lu, j. (2019). Study on the transition of teachers ecological role in college English teaching in new media age. Overseas English, 13(10), 264-265.Nunan, D. (1993). From learning-centeredness to learner-centeredness. Applied language learning. 4, 1-18Slvia, M., Leandro, S. A., 一项基于隐喻分析的实证研究,《中国远程教育》,（8）: 45-52。

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