A Critical Analysis of the Female CharactersTragedy in the Moon and Sixpence 分析《月亮和六便士》中的女性角色悲剧色彩文献综述

 2021-11-04 20:59:15

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A Critical Analysis of the Female Characters Tragedy in the Moon and Sixpence分析《月亮和六便士》中的女性角色悲剧色彩1. An Introduction of the novel and the author William Somerset Maugham is a famous modern British novelist and playwright. His short stories cover the lives of British people at home and abroad. The novels are novel, the characters are vivid, the plots are twists and turns, and they are cold, having objective characteristics, known as British Mopassan. He often writes books with real people and real things, and there is no lack of his shadow and experience. His artistic style is authentic, tortuous, concise, humorous and ironic. He is an English writer who uses modern creative methods to express modern themes. Throughout his life, he hopes to strive and create a road to freedom, which requires material and spiritual liberation. This freedom means not only the detachment of responsibilities and obligations, the economic independence or the limitation of time and space, but more importantly, the freedom of reason and the transcendence of emotions.The Moon and Sixpence is a famous literary work of the early 20th century. Based on Gauguins life as a prototype, the book builds the complex image of Strickerland in the social environment at that time, and reveals the contradiction between real life and personal ideas in the book.Maugham is one of the most popular novelists in the first half of the 20th century. As the most famous novel among all the works of him, the publication of The Moon and Sixpence has established his important position in the history of modern British literature and has earned him a world-wide reputation. Maugham is an outstanding realist writer in the literary world, and The Moon and Sixpence is one of his important novels. The novel tells that Strickerland, who was a London stockbroker, decided to abandon the warm and happy family life that everyone envied for art, and went to Paris and then to live in Tahiti, South Pacific. Through his protagonists life, Maugham explores the relationship between life and art. Strickerland dedicated his entire life to painting, making him a model of the perfect artist image in the hearts of many idealists. In this novel, Maugham focused on depicting three female images, and they are in three different stages of exploration for male protagonists, representing different types of women in the capitalist society.At the same time, if the readers grasp the classic work The Moon and Sixpence from the perspective of feminism, they can find that the female characters who were once covered by Strickerlands glory also have prominent literary and social significance. Their personal image and gender relationship with Strickerland are worthy of further exploration. The Moon and Sixpence have created three female images, all revealing the authors prejudice against women. He often regards women as free things, without subjectivity and spirituality, and lacking unique personality. In the background of the capitalist society, women are always in a lower position and are the biggest victims of patriarchal society. In this era, even if these women want to change their status, their final outcome is extremely humiliating and tragic. For them, they can only suppress their subject, cover up their self-pursuit, and be willing to be a vassal of the patriarchal society.2. The need of the studyThis paper has both pragmatic and academic significance. Maughams feminine view and misogyny are on the paper. His negation of womens contempt came from his early bereavement and unfortunate marriage. Maugham lost his mother at the age of eight and lost her father at the age of ten. The death of his mother caused a huge loss of his tender and selfless love for women. He was rejected when he proposed to his lover, and was told that he was unattractive except for his fame and money. Later, Xilis marriage was full of quarrels and hatred. He had never experienced the joy of love. It is these unfortunate emotional experiences that caused love and marriage in Maughams works are basically hypocritical, utilitarian, and even full of hatred. He often uses his works to vent his pessimistic disappointment on love and marriage, and neglect and despise women. The world is not kind enough to him, and he also sees the world as a tragic story. While describing the loneliness and powerlessness between people, he mocks women for their hypocritical, utilitarian slyness, but such works lack emotional intimacy and depth and greatness to some extent. Humane care, which is also the limitation of Maugham as a writer. The readers can better understand him and his works by understanding Maughams view of women.Therefore, this thesis hopes to by means of the analysis of the existence of three female images to discover the living situation, family status, social role, future prospects and cultural meaning of women in the capitalist social system in the writers mind. Maughams inherent prejudices and distortions of women distinguish and critique backward and negative ideas in his views of women.3.Literature reviewFeminism refers to the social theories and political movements created and initiated to end genderism, sexual exploitation, sexual discrimination and oppression, and to promote equality among the sexual classes. Apart from criticism, it also focuses on the analysis of gender inequality and the right to promote the bottom sex, interests and issues. The concept of feminism is based on the belief that the current society is based on a male-centered patriarchal system.The purpose of feminist theory is to understand the nature of inequality and to focus on sexual politics, power relations, and sexual awareness. Feminist political action challenges issues such as maternity rights, abortion rights, education rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, voting rights, representation rights, sexual harassment, gender discrimination and sexual violence. The themes of feminist inquiry include discrimination, stereotypes, materialization, oppression, and patriarchy.Womens second sex status is so common and so enduring. In such an ubiquitous social structure that crosses history and culture, women are unequal to men in various fields such as politics, economy, culture, thought, cognition, concept, and ethics, even in private places like the family. In the field, women are also unequal with men. According to patriarchal thinking, this male-feminine gender order is not only universal, but it will not change because it is formed naturally; but feminists believes that this gender order is neither universal nor will never changes, because it is not naturally formed, but artificially constructed by society and culture. Men are also oppressed in different ages and cultures, but they are oppressed because they belong to a certain class, not because they are male. Women are different. In addition to belonging to a certain class, they are oppressed simply because they are women. The society cast by men regards women as inferior: she can only change her inferiority by challenging and changing the superiority of men. There have been many revolutions in history that challenge the ruling clique, but only feminism has challenged the patriarchy itself.Interpretation of Simon Beauvoirs masterpiece, Second Sex from the perspective of his existential feminism, the inherent restraint of women and its transcendence and the way of womens liberation. Second Sex uses existentialism to explain the situation of women, expecting women to be able to get rid of the shackles of their inherent nature, and to find a way suitable for achieving their liberation.Existential feminism and eco-feminism are the main schools of the feminist movement in different periods. Existentialist feminism emphasizes that women transcend intrinsicity and establish female subjective consciousness; while eco-feminism advocates re-establishing a unique femininity and opposes mens savage conquest and rough transcendence of nature and women. But the two seemingly contradictory theories share common ideals and aspirations: examining and subverting patriarchal rule, changing the situation of female others, and seeking and realizing female values.When talking about the tragedy of female roles in the Moon and Sixpence, the readers have a strong sense that all tragic stories are resulted from their personality and their own choices, but ignored the society they lived in and the background they faced. In the patriarchal society, womens personality is surpassed by that society. The readers can learn from Mrs. Strickerland that the social role of women is the common name of a good wife and mother. One of the reasons why women have been in the other status is because they are economically attached to a certain place. It is this dependence on men that prevents women from becoming independent individuals. Wang Qi (2002) deems that In a male-dominated society, after women sacrificed their individuality and career to fulfill the duties of a good wife and mother, their talents were despised and oppressed into a poor living environment, poor working conditions and cheap labor force makes women reduce themselves to the victim of men and their families. This is the sadness of women and the common destiny of women throughout Western history. Chen Juan (2005) claimed that her suicide showed her resistance to the patriarchal society. Therefore, in the patriarchal society, she is a rose destroyed by the patriarchy. This real woman hidden behind the patriarchal representation breaks the sexual discrimination of the male text. As for Ata, from the perspective of feminist critique, Ata is a victim of moral standards in a patriarchal society. This standard requires she is incidental and irrelevant. He is the subject, he is God. Even more tragic, Ata was brutally oppressed and tortured by patriarchy. (Zheng, 2017)Defined by male perspective and male discourse, womens images always appear illusory, beautifying, or distorted, and fall into the stylized image mode of non-angels and witches without exception. Either it is the ideal carrier of the noble virgin --- male aesthetic object, the materialized stunner, and is marginalized by being crowned by the angels in the family and excluded from the mainstream life; or the demon-like shrew --- the ugly incarnation of human nature, which undoubtedly reflects. This shows the morbid and contradictory attitude of men towards women. She is both a mans angel and demon, which not only brings joy and satisfaction to the man, but also makes him disgusted and afraid. Under the view of feminist criticism theory, the three female images in the work that have important relations with the protagonist, Strickerland, are interpreted. This shows three different female images in the writers mind. By examining and analyzing these female images, it is found that whether it is malicious criticism or idealization, Maughams view of women caters to the attitudes and views in the society at that time, and his view of women is biased.4.Conclusion There is no doubt that The Moon and Sixpence is one of the finest novel in the 20th century. Combining the social background, and in the context of the authors capitalist society, women are always in a lower position and are the biggest victims of patriarchal society. In this era, even if these women want to change their status, their final outcome is extremely humiliating and tragic. Up to now, a host of critics have studied this novel from different perspectives, so it is hard to tell what is the most significant cause of the female characters tragic story in the Moon and Sixpence. Still, female characters tragic life can be unscrambled in a distinct and detailed way, so that the readers can get a deeper understanding of this masterpiece and reach the valuable guidance for the development of the society. However, there still remains a problem during the process of writing, that is, under the premise of deep understanding of myself, combine with social phenomena and make a profound discussion.This thesis will discuss from several causes of the female characters tragedy, compare with the real life and give appropriate proposals in order to promote social development and create a harmonious relationship among the society.

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