A Study of Euphemism in Business English Correspondence from the Perspective of Adaptation Theory 顺应论视角下的商务英语信函中的委婉语研究文献综述

 2021-11-04 20:59:32

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1. Introduction1.1 Research background :With the frequent international trade activities, as a medium of foreign trade exchanges can not be ignored, the importance of business letters has become increasingly prominent. In international business, the purpose of business English correspondence is to establish or consolidate business relations by dealing with business communication issues and transmitting information. Euphemism is a modification to cover up the truth with kind words by replacing those direct and abrupt words with harmless or pleasant words. Euphemism exists in various languages and is a common phenomenon in languages. It has attracted people's attention and research for a long time. People's research on euphemism mainly focuses on the lexical level. In fact, euphemism can also be expressed through grammatical and pragmatic means, which are widely used in business English correspondence. People often use euphemisms to politely and tactfully state their views and wishes, and to make requests or suggestions, so as to create a good business environment and achieve the desired goals of both sides.1.2 Research purposeThis paper aims at exploring the role and function of euphemism in business English letter under the adaptation theory. The difference between a business letter and a regular letter is that it requires a more formal letter format and more concise and direct writing. Such as using correct and polite language and make sure the sentences are smooth. Therefore, business letter writing is more difficult and requires higher skills. At the same time, euphemism not only means that the communicators are more free of making a choice, but also means that the expression in letter is proper to establish cooperative friendship, sincere gratitude, considerate understanding and heartfelt respect. Therefore, the use of euphemism in business letters can maximize the harmony of communication and enhance the relationship, then promoting the smooth progress of trade activities. International business workers are necessary to master the use of euphemism in business English correspondence, which is conducive to effective communication and communication, development and consolidation of cooperative relations, and ultimately to reach a deal, and also helps students improve their business letter writing skills.2. Literature review 2.1 Previous Study of Euphemism at AbroadStudies on euphemism abroad have a long history. The special religious and cultural environment in the western world provided the cultural basis for the development and rise of euphemism. Foreign studies on euphemism started very early. British writer George Blunt proposed the word "euphemism" in the 1580s, and defined it as a good or favorable interpretation of a bad word. American linguist Henry Rawson (1936) discussed in detail the causes and ways of euphemism in English based on American history and culture. James George Frazer, a Scottish social anthropologist, is one of the scholars who systematically studied euphemism. In his most famous work The Golden Bough-M Stady in Magic and Religion (1890), he conducted a large number of studies on euphemism in taboo words, actions, things and names.In addition, some scholars made contributions to the writing of euphemism dictionaries. In the 1980s of the 20th century, Hugh Rawson (1981) compiled A Dictionary of Euphemisms and Other Doubletalk, which has become an important Dictionary for the study of euphemism. Book of Euphemism research history, characteristics, Definition, research scope and so on has carried on the comprehensive discussion, systematically elaborated the Euphemism system and the related research of Euphemism, is a classical literature in Euphemism study. After this, the American scholar Judith S. Neaman and Carol G. Silver publishes Kind Words -A Treasure of Euphemism (1983:9-16), describing the origins, history, development and changes of euphemism. The book Euphemism and Dysphemism: language used as shield and weapon was published by Keith Allan and by Kate Burridge in 1991. It is of great significance for scholars studying euphemism from the perspective of pragmatics. In Addition, It is also one of the works frequently cited by Chinese scholars. In Toward a New Approach to the Linguistic Definition of Euphemism Gomez, Miguel Casas (2009) made a critical analysis of the definition of euphemism from the lexical semantics and pragmatics communication. The author put forward some Suggestions on the ambiguity of euphemism from the perspective of theoretical research, and believed that the communicative intention and communicative value of euphemism can only be understood through context and specific context.2.2 Previous Study of Euphemism at HomeEuphemism has become one of the most popular means of interpersonal communication and has also won the attention of experts in the field of linguistics. Domestic studies on euphemism mainly focus on the theoretical study of euphemism, the study of euphemism from the perspective of linguistics, cross-cultural communication, translation and teaching. Since the researches conducted by Chen Wangdao, the study of euphemism by Chinese linguistic researchers are mainly from the perspective of rhetoric for a long time. Dai Congteng Jia Zhi（2002）believe that western scholars tend to focus on the vocabulary of euphemism, while Chinese scholars focus on the rhetoric of euphemism.Domestic scholars' research on euphemism from the perspective of linguistics mainly includes the analysis of pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, rhetoric and systemic functional linguistics. With the rise of pragmatics, scholars have begun to pay attention to the functional forms of language in the social environment. However, most of the early pragmatic errors of euphemism were analyzed in a static environment. Chen Xiaoyu (2012)Yao Jigang (2013) believe that the dynamic advantages of adaptation theory can make up for the shortcomings of static language research. In the 1980s, cognitive linguistics, developed from cognitive psychology, began to take shape. Its theory is closely related to the philosophy of experience and the mental interaction of constructing mutual translation, with emphasis on "experience" and "interactivity". The scholars engaged in sociolinguistics have shown great interest in the special function of euphemism. The book Sociolinguistics published by Chen Yuan in 1983 makes special investigation on euphemism. The author not only probes into the history social and psychological background of euphemism, but also gives an explanation of its intrinsic quality. Yang pointed out that the theory of the five dimensions can recognize knowledge solution for people to understand and express euphemism when new cognitive situation, due to different cognitive perspective on the phenomenon of euphemism, general solutions of different dimensions in the event of an different euphemism through part of things to highlight characteristics of cognition and expresses the euphemistic effect. Theory in cognitive linguistics, to recognize the knowledge solution provides a new research method to the research of euphemism and dimensions, Li Weihang (2002) pointed out that the use of euphemism is an indicator of social and cultural phenomena, and the use of euphemism reflects people's psychology of avoiding, seeking elegance, compensation, politeness and concealment. Scholars such as Yang Lin, li Xifen(2004) Tan Jing(2016) believe that the higher the degree of social civilization, the higher the frequency of euphemism. The creation and use of euphemism are closely related to the degree of social civilization, which profoundly reflects the cultural change of the society. Niu Yu (2008) explored the translation path of English and Chinese euphemism through the translation of English and Chinese euphemism. He believes that translators should pay attention to the background identity of the speaker, try to be faithful in translation, and carefully consider whether to use euphemism in translation. The researchers affirmed the significance and value of euphemism around teaching, encouraged students to learn the surface of euphemism, and enhanced students' ability to absorb Chinese and western culture. How to introduce culture into the classroom, into the classroom, the impact of euphemism teaching on students is particularly important. Some scholars also put forward the specific classroom teaching model of euphemism. Chen Yuhong(2015) pointed out that euphemism teaching can permeate teachers' classroom questions and comments on students' achievements and performance, so as to guide students to grasp and expand euphemism knowledge. Euphemism is used in communication and writing communication so that students can learn to use euphemism in practice.References卜伟，王晓龙（2019），委婉语在商务英语信函中的认知语用分析[J]，《大学教育》(11) ：124-126。

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