An Analysis of Monologues in Hamlet论《哈姆雷特》的独白特色文献综述

 2021-12-30 20:38:54

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文献综述

1. Introduction1.1 Research background William Shakespeare (1564-1616) occupies a special position in the history of European literature. In the Renaissance of Europe, he was the most important and greatest writer. Shakespeare was born on the Avon River in Warwick, Central England. Shakespeare was educated at the local grammar school when he was young. But when he was 13 years old, his family suddenly declined, and then he gave up his studies and started a business career. At the age of 22, Shakespeare went to London to work in the theatre and later became an actor and playwright. In 1597, he returned to his hometown to buy real estate and spent the last years of his life.In Shakespeare's brilliant writing career, Hamlet (1601) is a very successful play. The play tells the story of Uncle Claudius who murdered Hamlet's father, usurped the throne and married the king's widow, Jotrude. Prince Hamlet is determined to avenge for his father. The reason why Hamlet has become the first of Shakespeare's four tragedies lies not only in the tragic ending, but also in the profound reflection on Hamlet's fate and the social background of the Renaissance. The feudal society in the Middle Ages was a period full of fierce struggle and rebellion. The story takes place in Denmark, and the script is based on the history of Denmark. The play takes the Danish Court as the background, describes the story of Hamlet's revenge for his father, and deeply shows the real face of Renaissance British and European society. It shows Shakespeare's deep concern for the Renaissance and the fate of mankind. Until the last century, Shakespeare's works were often adapted and rediscovered by the new academic movement. His works are still welcomed and loved by unnumbered people. Even in the world, later generations perform and interpret his enduring masterpieces in different cultural and political forms.In a word, Hamlet is widely regarded as one of Shakespeare's most famous tragedies, which reflects the contradiction between the humanistic ideal and the dark feudal reality of England. From another point of view, Hamlet is the epitome of an era. In addition, every excellent literary work not only expresses itself, but also contains unique spiritual considerations. Shakespeare displays his unique charm of language expression in Hamlet. In particular, the use of a large number of monologues in the play is one of the biggest highlights of the whole play. The use of monologues can greatly promote the shaping of characters and the development of the plot. This paper aims to analyze Hamlet from the perspective of the protagonist Hamlet's inner monologues to provide some thinking space and aesthetic pleasure for contemporary readers.1.2 Purpose of the study Hamlet has been widely concerned by the majority of readers and become a hot research field of scholars. However, with the deepening of the study of the monologues in drama, many scholars think that there is nothing to explore. But in fact, Hamlet still has many unsolved mysteries and broad space for research. Previous studies on the dramatic monologues in Hamlet mainly focus on the following two aspects: the function of monologues and the role of monologues in characterization. Therefore, on the basis of previous analyses, this paper discusses the overall function of monologues in three aspects: characterization depiction, thematic conveyance and atmosphere establishment so as to show the artistic features of Shakespeare's works. 2. Literature Review2.1 Monologues in playsMonologues refer to a way of expression in which the main characters state their inner views or ideas in the process of performance. There are two ways to express monologues: to show the psychological motivation of the characters in a specific situation and to express them with artistic techniques of beauty. Monologues have three characteristics: the concentrated expression of all kinds of contradictions in drama; the real voice in the heart of the characters; the full-fledged characters. Monologues can also show the inner activities of the main characters so that the readers can understand their inner world. Shakespeare's Hamlet is typical of classic monologues. For example, "to be or not to be, this is a question" (Shakespeare, 2017) in the first scene of the third act vividly shows Hamlet's act of feigning madness for revenge and his indecision.2.2 Previous studies on HamletThe use of a large number of monologues in Hamlet is one of the highlights of this literary drama. Monologues play an important role in showing Hamlet's inner activities, connecting the plot and highlighting the theme of drama. From a deeper understanding, the monologues not only reflect some characteristics of the characters, but also indirectly reflect the characteristics of the whole society during a certain period of time. Domestic research focuses on the following three aspects.In terms of the function of monologues, monologues play different roles in different ways. Qin s psychological activities by using the comprehensive analytical method, believing monologues in Hamlet can promote the development of the plot. In his analysis, the monologues not only highlight the theme of the work but also show the survival of the group in the social background at that time. In the aspect of the role monologues play in the characterization, Wang (2010) reveals Hamlet's pain and struggle on the road of revenge by analyzing different ways of presenting some classical monologues. It is the different presentation of these monologues that can vividly show Hamlet's indecision in his revenge. Yao (2015) analyzes the change of Hamlet's psychological activities through his monologues. For example, when Hamlet knows that his mother gets quickly remarried and his father was murdered intentionally, he gradually goes from unbearable to insane. Therefore, Yao contends that Hamlet actually mumbles to vent his anger.Foreign researchers have also done some research on the monologues in Hamlet, but compared with domestic scholars, their research is not thorough enough. Many interpret monologues only superficially. For example, Yong-deuk (2001) interprets Hamlet's five monologues from the perspective of the audience, showing the plot development and reasons of Hamlet's inner conflicts. Kim (2005) only makes an understatement analysis of Hamlet's monologues, pointing out the persuasive effect they exert on the play Hamlet. Nathan (2020) explores from the modernist perspective the uniqueness of the writing features of Hamlet, including alienation, symbols, stream of consciousness, absurdity and anti-tradition.In a nutshell, although foreign researchers have made some achievements in the study of writing characteristics of Hamlet, the research on monologues is not enough.2.3 Deficiencies in previous studiesBased on the unremitting research of predecessors, the unique artistic charm of monologues has been gradually maximized. Through their research, we can better understand the deep meaning of Hamlet and explore its essence and social reality it reflects. These research results are very worthy of affirmation and reference. However, the previous studies are not comprehensive.On one hand, from the perspective of thematic conveyance, Hamlet expresses not only the simple humanism and the spirit of human liberation. If we analyze the theme from the individual point of view, the play also reflects three characteristics of the bourgeoisie: bravery, weakness and compromise. How do the three opposites achieve unity in the continuous struggle? To interpret the meanings of Hamlets monologues can help us get the answer. On the other hand, monologues play an important role in the establishment of varied atmospheres, which can reflect the characteristics of the characters and promote the development of the plot. Therefore, the use of monologues cannot be ignored.ReferencesAmir, K. (2020). Hamlet and the vision of darkness by Rhodri Lewis. Shakespeare quarterly, 70, 3.Huang, W. M. (2017). Postmodern Shakespeare: Thinking Through Hamlets Subversive Character. IAFOR of Ethics, Religion I am Hamlet: Issues of Shakespearean performativity in Robert Wilson's Hamlet: A monologue. Shakespeare review, 41, 3-14.Nathan, M. (2020). Hamlet and character in modernist criticism. The review of English studies, 71, 302-303.Shakespeare, W. (2017). Hamlet. Beijing: International Cultural Publishing Company.Yong-deuk, S. (2001). The dialogue with Audience: A study of Hamlet's monologues. The journal of drama, 17, 13-14.Zysk, J. (2017). In the name of the father: Revenge and unsacramental death in Hamlet. Christianity 以《哈姆雷特》中独白翻译为例，《戏剧之家》，17：273。

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