Washback Effect of NMET Reform on English Teaching and Learning——A Case Study from a High School in Zhejiang文献综述

 2022-08-11 15:23:59

Abstract：The National Matriculation Entrance Test (NMET) reform is an important part of the NMET reform. It is an urgent need to change the negative backwash effect of exam-oriented education. In 2014, the NMET began to be socialized and tested twice a year. In 2017, Zhejiang Province, the pioneer of the reform, officially released a document defining the format of “taking exams twice a year.” This reform became a hot issue in the society, which produced a significant backwash effect to high school English. Although the reform has been controversial, the test itself has improved.

Key words: NMET; Teaching and learning; backwash effect

  1. Introduction

1.1 NMET reform

China has a long history of examinations. With the development of the country, the demands for talents in economic, science, technology and culture has increased. More and more positions are required to master a foreign language. Foreign languages become an important part of the College Entrance Examination (CEE). More than 99% of students choose English as their subjects, which shows that English plays a prominent role in the CEE. Due to the demands of the Times and education, the NMET has been changing since the Ministry of Education announced the resumption of the NMET in 1977. The paper of NMET has been constantly adjusted in the aspects of the proportion of points, the content, the type of questions and the structure, etc., gradually emphasizing the importance of discourses, language competence and performance, which reflects the stable position of English in the CEE and shows the importance of the country and society to it.

1.2 2014 NMET reform

In 2014, The Opinions of the State Council on the Implementation of Deepening the Reform of the Examination and Enrolment System clearly states the reform of CEE, “both the subjects of the CEE and the scores will remain unchanged. There is no arts and sciences, each student will have two opportunities to take foreign language exams.” This document stresses that foreign language will be turned in to social exams and be taken twice a year. In addition, Shanghai and Zhejiang were chosen as the pioneers of the reform, which would be implemented in 2017. This reform has been a hot topic of the public and scholars ever since.

1.3 2017 Zhejiang NMET reform

As the pioneer in the reform of CEE, Department of Education of Zhejiang Province released a document On the Improvement of the Selected Examinations work notice in 2017. It states that major adjustments have been made to the format and structure of the examination papers, including “taking exams twice a year”, eliminating 20 multiple choice questions and error-correcting, adding 5 answers out of 7 items and grammar filling, and there are two essays in the writing section. In part two, students need to write a continuous writing or s summary.

The reform has been carried out for three years. However, it remains to be seen whether it is satisfactory and a comprehensive success. The reform continues. High school students and teachers will be most affected by it. Therefore, by collecting the views of teachers and students who have experienced the reform and their experience, as well as the adjustments made to English teaching and learning, this paper hopes to explore the washback effect of the NMET Reform and the progress of the test itself.

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