A Comparative Analysis of Code-switchings in Chinese and Korean Hip-pop Songs文献综述

 2022-08-11 15:24:15

Abstract：Code-switching is the placing or mixing of units (words, phrases, sentences) from two codes within the same speech context. This paper makes a literature review on major code-switching theories, its application in global hip hop studies as well as in Chinese and Korean pop song lyrics under the background of global hip hop study. It is argued that there is still a lack of in-depth domestic studies on code-switching in particularly hip hop songs.

Key words：code-switching; hip hop; lyric; bilingualism

'Language, the omnipresent medium through which Hip Hop cultural practices, performances, and productions are both expressed and constituted, is perhaps one of the least analyzed aspects of Hip Hop Culture.' H. Samy Alim (2008) points out. The paper works on reviewing studies the linguistic phenomenon of code-switching in hip hop lyrics in order to give a overview for future researchers.

I. Major Theories in Code-switching

Being intimately tied in to bi- or multilingualism, code-switching is a phenomenon of language contact in sociolinguistics, and is also a subject in psycholinguistics, anthropology and other fields, as it has been one of the most dynamic areas in linguistics over the last three decades. Out of multiple definitions, scholars have agree to some extent, that code-switching is the alternation of more than one language variety in a manner consistent with the syntax and phonology of each variety. Since 1960s, numerous researchers have contributed analysis and tools for us to understand how bilinguals negotiate their choice and switching between languages.

1.1 Sociolinguistics Perspectives

Ferguson (1959) introduces the term diglossia, based on the fact that two related language varieties are used in many countries, one with high prestiage while the other relatively low. The two varieties usually have seperate functions and are used in different domains. Domain, according to Fishman (1971), is a construct through which speakers organize their everyday life (e.g. in terms of “work,” “family,” “religious worship” ) and the language choice appropriate to that domain. This differentiation was stressed that interactions carry transactional meaning, and particularly in the work of Blom and Gumperz (1971). They introduced the useful distinction between situational and metaphorical switching. In situational switching, the shift in language is decided by external factors, such as a new interlocutor or a new topic being introduced in a conversation. In metaphorical switching, it is the speaker oneself who creates a change of atmosphere by shifting languages or varieties.

After 1980s, social factors in the process of code-switching have drawn scholarly attention. Tabouret-Keller(1983) points out that stronger the predictability in a switching, the more possible it is to have obeyed the social norm. Heller(1988,1995) discovered that in Quebec, Canada, the choice between English and French has a lot to do with politics.

Later, Myers-Scotton (1988, 1993, 1997, 2000) combines the macro- and microscopic view to create the markedness model. The objective of it, as its proponent Myers-Scotton points out, is to explain the social motivation of code-switching, with a premised notion that speakers as a rational actor calculating their own speech acts as to benefit.

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