A Study on the Localization of Utterances in “Cyberpunk 2077″文献综述

 2022-08-11 15:26:05

A Study on the Localization of Utterances in “Cyberpunk 2077”

  1. Literature Review

This chapter clearly presents the previous researches on localization and video game translation. A brief introduction to localization and relevant researches on it is given firstly in the former part of this chapter. Then the author investigates the previous researches on video game translation in the latter part.

    1. Researches on Localization

This part is divided into two contents which are a short and brief introduction to localization firstly and then the relevant researches on localization abroad and at home.

1.1.1 A Brief Introduction to Localization

To study the definition of localization, it is necessary for us to find the original source of localization. It is widely believed that the origin of localization is inseparable from globalization. In the late 1980s, globalization brought about a great change in the world economy, politics, technology and society. Globalization began in the computer software industry like IBM and Microsoft. In order to meet the language needs of different consumers in the world, the software must present the local language. However, software globalization is not a simple task of text translation, but involves software function reconstruction and recompilation, interface help translation, software testing and other technical and management work, known as software localization in the industry (Cui Qiliang,2013:22). Due to the development of global social division of labor and collaboration, as well as cost and local language needs, some software companies gradually outsource some parts of software localization (such as translation and document typesetting) or all the work to companies specialized in providing localization services, thus giving birth to a unique industry -- localization industry（Esselink, 2000:15).

The establishment of the Localization industry Standard Association (LISA) in Switzerland in 1990, the leading association in the localization and internationalization industries, is a symbol of the official formation of the international localization industry. LISA defines localization as “Localization is the process of modifying products of services to account for differences in distinct markets” (2007:13). There is another representative definition of localization. Schauml;ler defines localization as “Localization is the linguistic and cultural adaptation of digital content to the requirements and the locale of a foreign market” (2010:209). Translators Association of China (TAC) gives a definition of localization that “it is a production activity in which a product is tailored to the needs of a particular country/region or language market to meet the specific language and cultural requirements of users in a particular market” (2011:2). Chinese translators Wang Huashu and Liu Ming make the conclusion that “the object of localization is not only the lsquo;textrsquo; in traditional translation, but also the lsquo;productsrsquo; or lsquo;servicesrsquo; in digital translation. To lsquo;processrsquo; or lsquo;adjustrsquo; a product or service to meet the specific language, cultural, legal, political and other needs of users in a particular market” (2015:78).

1.1.2 Researches on Localization Abroad

In 1990, the establishment of LISA symbolized the official formation of localization industry. In the past several decades, researchers from abroad and home have made lots of researches on localization from several different sides.

There are following books which are related to the localization in various fields and make great impact on it. Esselinkrsquo;s book A Practical Guide to Localization was written for translators, localization engineers, and anyone else who may be involved in the multilingual fields. In the book, Esselink not only makes classification and summarize of the tools of translation and terminology in localization, but also introduces how to use these tools in the localization process like translation, software engineering, quality assurance and so on (Wang Huashu, Liu Ming, 2015:79). In the book Beyond Borders: Web Globalization Strategies written by John Yunker (2003), there are lots of good strategies offered to the people who study in website localization as well as the solutions to avoid making common mistakes in web localization. The Game Localization Handbook written by Heather Chandler (2012) provides a comprehensive guide to translators, students, game producers or anyone else who determines to have a deep research or is interested in the area of game localization. Lingo Systems company published a volume of The Guide to Translation and Localization every year since 2002, discussing the technical tools used in localization (Wang Huashu, Liu Ming, 2015:79).

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