分析《巴斯克维尔的猎犬》中限知视角叙述的作用与意义文献综述

 2022-08-11 15:29:29

Literature Review on Detective Stories from the Internal Focalization

  1. Abstract：This literature review focuses on the narrative perspective of the limited knowledge perspective adopted in detective stories, and explores the affectation of the limited knowledge perspective in detective stories, which is different from the omniscient perspective. As one of the most famous detective novelists in the world, Arthur Conan Doyle used a large number of narrations from the perspective of first-person limited knowledge in his famous works Adventure of Sherlock Holmes, that is, he described the case and the plot from the perspective of Holmesrsquo; assistant Watson. This literature review will illustrate the role and characteristics of the limited knowledge perspective itself, as well as the related research on the narrative perspective in detective stories.

Keywords：First-person perspective, narrative, detective story.

  1. Foreword

Detective novels, based on case detection and reasoning process as the main description object types of fiction, is based on reasoning to solve puzzle story (most is to find the murderer) of a novel, usually contain a murder and detective stories, also has a part is not murder as the main plot, such as looking for the lost or loose the singular event of mystery, also called a detective story. Detective story is one of the most popular genres in popular literature, which mainly describes the occurrence of cases and the process of reasoning and detection.

Traditional detective novel pattern consists of four parts: First part is the mysterious environment; second one is the plot of closely, including the introduction of detective, lists the criminal facts and criminal clues, investigation, announced criminal detection, explain investigation, ending; next part is the relationship between character and character, there are mainly four kinds of characters: the victim, the criminal detective, detective, friend, good man involved in crime; the last part is the specific story background.

Detective novels, based on case detection and reasoning process as the main description object types of fiction, is based on reasoning to solve puzzle story (most is to find the murderer) of a novel, usually contain a murder and detective stories, also has a part is not murder as the main plot, such as looking for the lost or loose the singular event of mystery, also called a detective story. Detective story is one of the most popular genres in popular literature, which mainly describes the occurrence of cases and the process of reasoning and detection.

Traditional detective novel pattern consists of four parts: First part is the mysterious environment; second one is the plot of closely, including the introduction of detective, lists the criminal facts and criminal clues, investigation, announced criminal detection, explain investigation, ending; next part is the relationship between character and character, there are mainly four kinds of characters: the victim, the criminal detective, detective, friend, good man involved in crime; the last part is the specific story background.

When people think of detective stories, they always think of Sherlock Holmes. Sherlock Holmes, he is the world recognized shape of the most successful, and most pervasive detective image. The creator of Adventure of Sherlock Holmes, Arthur Conan Doyle, is also known as the father of detective fiction. In Conan Doylersquo; s works, he often narrates the whole story from the perspective of the detectiversquo;s friend, namely Dr. Watson, Holmesrsquo; assistant in the book. Through Watson lsquo;s perspective, he introduces the great detective Holmes and witnesses the cause, process and outcome of the case. Of the 60 stories in Adventure of Sherlock Holmes, 56 are written in the form of Watsonrsquo; s memoirs. Although Gloria Scott and Margrave describe cases that happened before Holmes met Watson, the narrative begins with Watsonrsquo;s notes. This is a kind of first person internal perspective.

  1. A study of Focalization

Focalization, which can also be called perspective , point of view, viewpoint, angle of vision, seeing Eye, filter, focus of narration, narrative perspective，refers to the point of view from which a story is viewed while narrating.

Before the 1970s, scholars generally referred to narrative perspective as point of view. Henry James , the founder of modern novel theory , proposed the concept of “center” (central consciousness), referring to the observation and filtering of events with the eyes and mind of characters in third-person narration, thus distinguishing the “ perceiver” from the “narrator”. James proposed the “central consciousness”, a way of focusing that separates the perceiver from the narrator. However, Lubbock referred to “perceiver” as “narrator” for several times, mistakenly believing that the mind of the perceiver was “narrating” itself. When emphasizing “narrator”, Lubbock concealed the “perceiver” separated from “narrator” to some extent. Lubbock to mix awareness and narrator for a talk, this led many scholars to focus on narrative types (first person or third person narration) and narrative voices (whether to comment or not to summarize events) while ignoring “perceives”, especially “perceives” separated from “narrators”.

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