Researching into the Cultivation of Intercultural Communication Awareness in Primary School文献综述

 2022-08-19 09:45:55

The Investigation on cultivating studentsrsquo; intercultural communication awareness in primary school

摘要：In China, there was no required English course in primary school until the promulgation of English Curriculum Standards (2001). As the development of globalization and the advent of information age, the cultivation of intercultural communication awareness is paid more and more attention to. Maybe because of the pressure of entrance examinations for middle school or college which usually do not take spoken English into account, teachers and students tend to apply plenty of time to practicing reading, listening and writing skills. Even though students are also assigned with speaking tasks in class (for example, they are asked to use the sentence patterns to make a dialogue), these tasks are usually separated from the real life. However, culture teaching is of great importance for the development of students, thus it should be paid more attention to.

关键词：culture; language teaching; intercultural communication; primary school

一、文献综述

  1. Culture and Language Teaching
    1. The Definition of Culture

The term “culture” is frequently used in many aspects of our daily life, like “western culture” “business culture” “campus culture”. Since it is of wide range of usage, giving this term a specific definition seems to be a little bit difficult, and many scholars have proposed their own understandings on it.

According to Cambridge English Dictionary, culture refers to 'the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time.'

The first definition to our knowledge up to now is proposed by Edward Tylor in 1871. He defined “culture” as “Culture or Civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”.

In 1952, A. L. Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn published Culture: A critical Review of Concepts and Definitions. In the second part of the book, they have collected up to 164 definitions proposed by experts from different fields, and then have divided these definitions into 7 groups: descriptive (emphasis on enumeration of content); historical (emphasis on social heritage or tradition); normative (emphasis on rule or way and on values plus behaviors); psychological (emphasis on adjustment, habit and learning); structural (emphasis on the patterning of culture); genetic (emphasis on culture as a product or artifact, symbols and ideas); as well as some incomplete definitions. Based on the definitions collected by Kroeber and Kluckhohn, Hu Wenzhong (1999) made a summary that culture is the heritage of society which is created by human tremendous efforts over a long period of time; for the components of culture, it includes beliefs, values, customs, knowledge as well as objects like tools; culture serves as the guideline of human, and helps them solve problems; culture is not inherent but learned; values is the core of culture, and it distinguishes cultures.

    1. The Relationship Between Culture and Language

Language is closely related to culture, since language could serve as a basic means to know another culture through communication.

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