莎士比亚眼中的《哈姆雷特》 Hamlet in Shakespeare’s Eyes文献综述

 2021-09-27 20:33:22

毕业论文课题相关文献综述

2. Literature Review2.1Previous analysis or comments on Shakespeare and HamletShakespeare has been studied by lots of critics from different perspectives. Although Shakespeare's time has been over for four hundred years, up to now his plays are still influencing the whole world. There are some foreign literature reviews on Shakespeare and Hamlet. Hankins observed that in Hamlet Shakespeares conceptions of courage, honor, and justice are Aristotelian.(70) Hankins understanding of the process by which Shakespeare wrote Hamlet suffers from his adherence to now-discredited views on the order in which Shakespeare composed the quarto and folio editions of that play.(71) Edwards described Hamlet as a hero who is a tangle of conflicting tendencies, but Shakespeares contemporaries, if they were familiar with Cases work and/or philosophical commentaries generally, would have immediately recognized the deliberative form of Hamlets philosophical soliloquies.(111) Besides, Bloom argued thatShakespeare created Hamlet to be as ambivalent and divided a consciousness as a coherent drama could sustain. (70) Coleridge thought that the creation of Shakespeare's Hamlet was associated with his background. (102) Besides, there are some domestic reviews on it. Ceng Li believed that Hamlet was a typical humanist. Hamlet was full of ideals for humanity, but cruel reality made him bitter and depressed. So his outlook on life changed from then on, he became a complicated character filled with hatred. Although Hamlet was very smart and articulate, he was impulsive and lack of consideration. He did not want to abuse violence, he stuck to the truth, trusted in others easily, which finally made himself dropped in trap. (163) Shakespeare wrote Hamlet with vivid plots, grand conception and rich content. Hou Yali thought that the tragedy of Hamlet is not due to the death of his father, but due to the betrayal of his mother. He put the bad impression on the base of his mother to his lover Ophelia, believing that all the beautiful women were unreliable and his love was full of suspicion and mistrust. As Ophelia listened to his brothers advice that she distanced herself from Hamlet, he felt a strong sense of frustration. His anger is the disillusionment of love, because love contains all his ideal of truth, kindness and beauty. His so-called revenge is to vent anger and anxiety of the ideal love. (128) However Nie Hanlin focused on the character of Hamlet. Firstly, he is a rational avenger. His impulsive revenge gradually retreated in the process of rational plan, he never put his desire of revenge into practice. Secondly, he is a strong and weak prince. He is pure and kind before the tragedy happened. When everything happened, too much concerns and hesitations generated by his kindness made him lose too many opportunities, even that he lost his life. Thirdly, he is a contradictory prince. Although he praised the beauty of human, he is disappointed at the dirty reality; although he suspected the meaning of life, he was afraid of the world after death; although he loved his mother and Ophelia, he hated their fragility. These characters eventually lead to his tragedy. (38) Wang Xiaoli analyzed Hamlets fate through his melancholy and hesitation. The death of his father and the betrayal of his mother heavily attack his ideal, from beginning to the end, he had been melancholy. He want to revenge, but he always thought about the questionto be or not to be, his hesitating action led to his tragedy. (183) Chai Li argued that the contradiction between ideal and reality in Hamlet is that between humanism and social reality. The essence of the contradiction is the crisis of humanism. (808) 2.2 Problems in the previous studiesOver the past 400 years, it has been shaking the mind of readers. The point of view that people make some researches on Hamlet is one-sided. They seldom make further researches on why and how Shakespeare created the image of Hamlet. Firstly, the Hamlet story had a long history before Shakespeare set to work on it at the turn of the seventeenth century. It derives ultimately from the old Amleth legend. In its basic structure and action, Shakespeares Hamlet closely follows the well-known legend, and like the Ur-Hamlet it contains speeches and a ghost. Secondly, the inspiration of the image of Hamlet appeared because Shakespeare wanted to mourn his dead son named Hamlet. The last but not least, the cultural background had a great influence on Shakespeares creation. This thesis will have a thorough study on the relation between Hamlet and Shakespeare and will focus on analyzing the image of Hamlet in Shakespeares eyes. The character Hamlet is full of versatility, richness and complexity. So it is meaningful to do this research which can help us get a better understanding of Shakespeares art.

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